词汇学知识点总结.docx

词汇学知识点总结

第一篇：词汇学知识点总结词汇学期末复习1.Inbrief,awordmaybedefinedasafundamentalunitofspeechandminimumfreeform;withaunityofsoundandmeaning(bothlexicalandgrammaticalmeaning),capableofperformingagivensyntacticfunction.2.Themorpheme(词素)isthesmallestmeaningfullinguisticunitoflanguage,notpisibleoranalyzableintosmallerforms.Example:Onemorpheme:nationTwomorphemes:nation-alThreemorphemes:nation-al-izeFourmorphemes:de-nation-al-ize3.Anallomorph(词素变体)isanyofthevariantformsofamorphemeasconditionedbypositionoradjoiningsounds.Forexample:go:went,gone-ion/-tion/-sion/-ationarethepositionalvariantsofthesamesuffix.4.Inflectionalaffixes(曲折词缀)Affixesattachedtotheendofwordstoindicategrammaticalrelationshipsareinflectional,thusknownasinflectionalmorphemes.Forexample:cats,walked,walking,John’sbook„5.Derivationalaffixes(派生词缀)Affixesaddedtoothermorphemestocreatenewwords.Theycanbefurtherpidedintoprefixesandsuffixes.Forexample:re＋write,mini＋car,work＋er6.Connotativemeaning(内涵意义)Incontrasttodenotativemeaning,connotativemeaningreferstotheovertonesorassociationswhichawordsuggestsorimplies.Mother(afemaleparent)isoftenassociatedwith‘love’,‘care’,‘tenderness’,‘forgiving’,etc.Home(adwellingplace)maysuggest‘family,warmth,safety,love,convenience’,etc7.Stylisticmeaning(文体意义)Wordsmayhavestylisticfeatures,whichmakethemappropriatefordifferentcontexts.Examples:maleparent,father,daddy；residence,home,pad8.Affectivemeaning(情感意义)Affectivemeaningindicatesthespeaker’sattitudetowardsthepersonorthinginquestion.Wordsthathaveemotivevaluesmayfallintotwocategories:Appreciativeorcommendatory(褒义):wordsofpositiveovertonesusedtoshowappreciationorapproval.eg:love,cherish,prize,admire,worship,charm.Pejorativeorderogatory(贬义):wordsofnegativeconnotationsimplydisapproval,contemptorcriticism.eg:hate,vicious.9.Collocativemeaning(搭配意义)Collocativemeaningconsistsoftheassociationsawordacquiresinitscollocation.Inotherwords,itisthatpartofthewordmeaningsuggestedbythewordsbeforeorafterthewordindiscussion.eg:pretty:girl,woman,flower,etc.handsome:b