雅思口语素材：羊群效应.docx

雅思口语素材：羊群效应

第一篇：雅思口语素材：羊群效应最权威的国际教育服务平台雅思口语素材：羊群效应Ifyou’veeverwatchedanatureshowaboutherdinganimals,youmayhaveseenwhatastampedelookslike,thatsuddenchaoticmovementwhenaherdofanimalspanicsandbeginstobreakineverydirection.Stampedesaren’tplannedevents,buttheytendtoaffectthewholeherd,andtheycanleadtofairlydisastrousresultssuchasanimalsinjuredortrapped.Astampedemayalsohavepositiveresults,likemostoftheanimalsescapingapredator,whichthusprotectstheherd’ssurvival.Theseunplannedincidentsarecalledherdbehavior,andthetermhasbeenappliedtomanyaspectsofhumanculture.Thoughwemaythinkwe’reinpiduals,groupsofpeoplemayactinconcert,especiallyinsituationsthatleavelittletimefordecisionmaking.Liketheherdstampeding,herdbehaviorinhumansmayhavenegativeorpositiveconsequences.ThetermherdbehaviorasitappliestohumansfirstappearsinDr.WilfredTrotter’s1914bookInstinctsoftheHerdinPeaceandWar.Itwasn’texactlyanewidea,thoughTrottercanbecreditedwiththephrase.SigmundFreud,forinstance,extensivelydiscusseshisideasofcrowdpsychology,andCarlJungsuggeststhatsuchpsychologyistheresultofuniversalorcollectiveunconscious.Youmayseemanyexamplesofherdbehaviorineconomics.Forinstance,ifafewpeoplebegintosellacertaintypeofstock,itmayleadtoamasssellingspree,andpanic,andleavethemarketopentocrashing.Similarly,youmightlookatthebehaviorintheretailenvironmentondayafterThanksgivingsales.Peoplehavebeeninjuredinattemptingtogettoaspecialitemofferedataverygoodprice,whenthedoorsofastoreopensandthecrowdstampedesin.Suchstampedeshavealsooccurredatrockconcertswithopenseating,whereallpeopletrytorushtogettheclosestseatstothefront.Thesehaveoccasionallyhadtragicresults.Oneaspectofherdbehaviorthatisoftennotedisthattheherdisnotcompletelyinterestedinprotectionofthegroup.Insteadself-interestisaprimarymotivator.Herdanimals,whentheyfearapredatorworktogetintothecenteroftheherdsotheyarelessvulnerable,justaspeoplehaveonly资料来源：教育优选http:///最权威的国际教育服务平台self-interestinmindwhentheyknockoverotherstogettoacheaplysolditem,orthefrontseatsofarockconcert;orevenmore