农村金融结构与农村经济发展研究.docx

农村金融结构与农村经济发展研究

毕业论文 农村金融结构与农村经济发展研究摘要：农村经济的发展是我国国民经济稳定的基础。要保证农村经济的快速稳定发展，必须有1个规范健全的农村金融结构来提供资金的支持和保障。在我国现行的农村金融结构中合作金融发挥主体作用，政策性金融与商业性金融发挥重要作用，组织机构结构看似完备、覆盖率高，然而从现实情况来看：农村正式金融机构的供给远远不能满足农村经济发展的金融需求，主要表现为农户和乡镇企业融资困难。农村经济主体资金严重匮乏，在很大程度上已成为制约农村经济发展的瓶颈。究其原因，农村金融体制存在缺陷：农村金融2元结构、农村经济主体的弱势地位、金融契约的不完备以及信息的不对称，使得涉农金融业务交易成本高，导致商业性金融机构追逐利益而放弃农村金融市场；政策性金融机构的金融服务供给比较单1，服务覆盖面低；合作金融支农力不从心；乡村负债和邮政储蓄的单项筹资恶化了农村的金融生态环境。构件1个完善的农村金融结构将有助于增加农村金融服务的可获得性，充分发挥农村金融对农村经济的促进作用。关键词：农村金融结构；金融抑制；农村经济发展；农村合作金融；农业商业金融；政策性金融StudyontheruralfinanceandruraleconomydevelopmentAbstract：Thedevelopmentoftheruraleconomyprovidesasolidfoundationforthestabledevelopmentofournationaleconomy.Inordertoguaranteetherapidandsteadydevelopmentofruraleconomy,astandardandsoundfinancialsystemisrequiredtoprovidefunds.Nowchinahasformedaruralfinancialsystemwiththecooperativefinanceasthemainstay,thepolicyfinanceandthecommercialfinanceplayinganimportantrole.Althoughruralfinancialmarketappearsperfectandhasahighcoveragerate,infactthesupplyofformalfinancecanhardlysatisfythefinancialdemandthattheruraleconomydevelopmentproduces.Themainrepresentationisthatthepeasanthouseholdsandthetownshipenterprisecan’tfinancesmoothly.Themarketplayersinruralareasareseriouslyshortoffunds,andthishasbecomethebottleneckoftheruraleconomydevelopment.Traceittoitscause,theruralfinancialsystemhasdefects:dualityruralfinancialstructure,theweaknessofruraleconomyagent,incompletefinancecontractandinformationasymmetrymakethetransactioncostoffinancialactivityveryhigh,andresultinthecommercialfinanceinstitutionstowithdrawfromtheruralfinancialmarketinthecourseofpursuingtowithdrawfromtheruralfinancialmarketinthecourseofpursuingprofit;Theserviceofthepolicyfinanceinstitutionisrelativelysimple,andthecoveragerateislowtoo;theruralcreditcooperativesarereluctanttoserveforruralmarket;theruraldebtsandtheone-sidefunds-raisingofpostalsavinghaveworsenedtheecologicalenvironmentoftheruralfinance.Settingupaperfectruralfinancialsystemwillcontributetoincreasefinancialservicesinrural