初中英语语法三大从句.docx

初中英语语法三大从句宾语从句一、定义在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。二、连接词that:Ithinkthatyoucanpasstheexam.Whether/if:Idon’tknowwhatthewordmeans.“Wh”:Idon’tknowwhatthewordmeans.Idon’tknowwherehefoundthebook.只用whether的情况：1.与ornot连用：Idon’tknowwhetherit’srainingornot.2.与动词不定式连用：Hedoesn’tknowwhethertoaccepttheinvitation.3.连接词前有介词时：Itdependsonwhetherheiscoming.三、时态1.主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可)Shewantstoknowwhathehasdonefortheexam.2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。1)Shesaidthatshewasastudent.2)ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.3)Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.3.如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.定语从句一、定义在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。二、先行词先行词指人who/that先行词指物which/that定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词(即先行词)后三、关系代词关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分，所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词四、翻译方法“….的”Whom:先行词指人，则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语),与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom1.Thisistheteacherwhomwhowelikebest.2.Idon’tliketheboytowhomyouaretalking.Whose:指人或物，作定语，表示“…的”eg:Harryistheboywhosemotherisourmathteacher.关系代词只能that的特殊情况：1.先行词前有序数词修饰时：Thisisthefirstgiftthatmyparentsboughtme.2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时：ThisisthemostexcitingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.3.先行词是不定代词something,anything等时.e.g.Isthereanythingthatyouwantinthisshop4.先行词是人和物时,用that.e.g.Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbooksthatwereunknowntousall.5.先行词被all,little,theonly,thevery(就是，正是),thelast等词修饰时,只能用thate.g.ThisisthelastplacethatIwanttovisit.6.特殊疑问句以who或which开头，只能用that引导.Whoisthegirlthatismakingaspeechontheplatform?当关系代词前使用介词时：物+介词+which;人+介词+whom当关系代词前使用介词时：e.g.1.ThisisthetrainbywhichwewenttoBeijing.2.Thisistheteachertowhommymotheristalking.状语从句一、定义在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语(包括非谓语动词)、定语或状语，或是整个句子。二、状语从句一般分为八大类时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句方式状语从句让步状语从句1.时间状语从句When---当……时候,通常指某一特定的时间点，主句与从句的动作同时发生。WhenIopenedthewindow,Isawhimcomeup.When---正在……的时候，突然…。通常主句是进行时或beaboutto时，在翻译的时候，when可以译成没想到或突然。Iwaswalkingalongthestreet,whenImethim.When当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，往往表示不满。SomeoneknockedatthedoorwhenIwashavingbreakfast.When=afterWhenthechildrenhadgonetobed,shebegantoprepareherlessons.While---在……期间，往往指一段时间