英语语法：被动语态用法大全.docx

英语语法：被动语态用法大全概念语态(Voice)是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语的语态包括两种形式：主动语态(activevoice)和被动语态(passivevoice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。ManypeoplespeakEnglish.谓语：speak的动作是由主语manypeople来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。Englishisspokenbymanypeople.主语English是动词speak的承受者。Heopenedthedoor.他开了门。(主动句)Thedoorwasopened.门被开了。(被动句)构成Hisbicyclewasstolen.Thebuildinghasbeenbuiltin2000.通过上面的例句，可以看出，“被动语态”的构成是：be+过去分词(+by+动作执行者)形式被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成，强调动作是由什么人或什么东西而发出时，常用介词“by+行为发出者”，即be+done+by+行为发出者。被动语态可用于各种时态，通过助动词be的变化来表示：1、一般现在时的被动语态.am/is/are+动词的过去分词Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.ThiscarismadeinChina.2、一般过去式的被动语态:was/were+动词的过去分词Hisdeskwascleanedjustnow.Thestationwasbuiltin1928.3、现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词Anewfactoryisbeingbuiltinourcitynow.Sometreesarebeingcutdowninthepark.4、过去进行时的被动语态:was/were+being+动词的过去分词Anewfactorywasbeingbuiltinourcityatthattime.SomebabieswerebeinglookedafterbyMissChenlastyear.5、一般将来时的被动语态:(A)will/shall+be+动词的过去分词(B)am/is/are+goingtobe+动词的过去分词.Somenewfactorieswillbebuiltinourcitythisyear.Yourwatchisgoingtobemendedinanhour.6、过去将来时的被动语态:(1)would/should+be+动词的过去分词(2)was/were+goingtobe+动词的过去分词.Shesaidthatsomenewfactorieswouldbebuiltsooninourcity.Hethoughtthatyourwatchwasgoingtobemendedafteranhour.7、现在完成时的被动语态:have/has+been+动词的过去分词Somenewfactorieshavebeenbuiltinthecitysincelastyear.Yourwatchhasbeenmendedalready.8、过去完成时的被动语态:had+been+动词的过去分词Hesaidthatsomenewfactorieshadbeenbuiltinthecity.Ididn’tknowthatmywatchhadbeenmended.9、含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must+be+done(1)Youmusthandinyourhomeworkafterclass.Yourhomeworkmustbehandedinafterclass.(2)Hecanwritealetterwiththecomputer.Alettercanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim.运用第一种情况：不知道动作的执行者，就是不知道谁干的Dan'sbikewasstolenlastweek.丹的自行车上周被偷了。Mywindowswerebrokenyesterday.我的窗户昨天被打烂了。第二种情况：没有必要交代动作的执行者，就是说：不用说出来大家也知道谁干的RiceisalsogrowninNorthChina.华北地区也种水稻。Anewrailwaystationwillbebuiltnextyear.明年要建一座新的火车站。第三种：为了强调动作的承受者，这里我们比较一下主动和被动：PrisonersofWarbuiltthe