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会计学2.Whatisthefirstlawofthermodynamics?2024/10/23ThefirstlawofthermodynamicsThesecondlawofthermodynamicsThethirdlawofthermodynamicsContentsofphysicalchemistryBranchesandrelatedtopicsExtensiveproperty（广度性质）
volume
weight
heatcapacity（热容）
internalenergy(内能)
Intensiveproperty（强度性质）
temperature
pressure
density
viscosity（粘度）Process（过程）Enthalpy（焓）H=U+pV
pisthepressureofthesystemandVisitsvolume.AsU,pandVareallstatefunctions,theenthalpyisalsoastatefunction.Thechangeofenthalpy,ΔH,betweenanypairofinitialandfinalstatesisindependentofthepathbetweenthem.Entropy（熵）ΔS=SB-SA=(Q/T)R
ameasureofdisorder.
Thedisorderinasystemiscalleditsentropy,S.Acrystallatticeat0Khasperfectorderandthereforezeroentropy.Thehotteritgets,themorekineticenergytheparticlesinithaveandthemoreoptionstheyhaveforarrangingthemselves.System（系统）Work:workisdonewhenanobjectismovedagainstanopposingforce.
Heat:whentheenergyofasystemchangesasaresultofatemperaturedifferencebetweenitanditssurroundings,wesaythatenergyhasbeentransferredasheat.
Energy:theenergyofasystemisitscapacitytodowork.Definition:changingtherateofreactionsbyaddingasubstancewhichdoesnotgetusedup.

Type:homogenouscatalysisandheterogeneouscatalysis
Aautocatalysis.
Homogeneouscatalysis:
Herethecatalystandthereactantsareinthesamephase.

Heterogeneouscatalysis
Theeffectofthesurfaceisoftensoprofoundthatitmaybedifficulttorememberthatthiseffectisofhasteningtheapproachtoanequilibriumstate.

SomeImportantprofessionalTerms21.HomogeneousCatalysis均相催化剂22.HeterogeneousCatalysis非均相催化剂23.Enzymes酶24.catalyst催化剂
25.TheEquilibriumConstant平衡常数
26.theDirectionofReaction反应方向27.EffectsofVolume,Pressure,TemperatureChangesandCatalysts体积，压力，温度变化以及催化剂的影响28.SpontaneousProcesses自发过程29.Entropy(StandardEntropy)熵（标准熵）30.EntropyChanges熵变31.Extensiveproperty广度性质
32.intensiveproperty强度性质
33.molarheatcapacityatconstantvolume恒容摩尔热容34.molarheatcapacityatconstantpressure恒压摩尔热容
35.chemicalkinetics化学动力学
36.chemicalthermodynamics化学热力学
37.heatandwork热与功38.internalenergy内能
39.Potentialenergy势能
40.