教育不平等与生育率——基于中国省级面板数据的研究-豆柴文库

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教育不平等与生育率——基于中国省级面板数据的研究
摘要
本文旨在研究教育不平等对于生育率的影响。我们收集了中国省级面板数据进行实证分析，结果显示，教育不平等显著地负向影响生育率。具体而言，教育不平等对于低教育水平女性的影响更加显著。进一步的分析表明，教育不平等通过影响家庭支持和妇女就业机会来影响生育率。为了提高生育率，政府应该采取措施缩小教育不平等，在支持家庭方面提供更多的资源和服务。
关键词：教育不平等；生育率；女性教育；家庭支持
Introduction
Chinaisoneofthecountrieswiththelowestbirthratesintheworld.Withtheimplementationoftheone-childpolicyin1979,thebirthrateinChinahascontinuedtodecline.However,asChina'spopulationages,itisfacingaseveredemographiccrisis.Inrecentyears,theChinesegovernmenthasadoptedaseriesofmeasurestoencouragefertility,suchasdelayingretirementageandrelaxingthefamilyplanningpolicy.However,thesuccessofthesemeasuresislimited.Todealwiththedemographiccrisis,itisnecessarytounderstandthefactorsthataffectfertility.
Educationisanimportantfactorthataffectsfertility.Previousstudieshavefoundthateducationhasapositiveeffectonfertility.However,therearealsomanystudiesthatsuggestthateducationhasanegativeeffectonfertility.Educationinequalityisaproblemthatexistsinmanycountries,includingChina.GiventheimportanceofeducationinfertilityandtheexistenceofeducationinequalityinChina,itisnecessarytoexploretheimpactofeducationinequalityonfertilityinChina.
LiteratureReview
EducationInequalityandFertility
Educationinequalityisacommonprobleminmanycountries.Educationinequalitymaynotonlyaffectindividuals'opportunitiesforeducationandemployment,butalsoaffecttheirfertility.Previousstudieshavefoundthateducationinequalityhasanegativeeffectonfertility(Aizenman&Noy,2007;Falcão&Fernandes,2018).Educationinequalitymayleadtoashortageoffemaleeducationandemploymentopportunities,whichmayleadtoadecreaseinfertility.
EducationandFertility
Therelationshipbetweeneducationandfertilityiscomplex.Previousstudieshavefoundthateducationhasapositiveeffectonfertility(Becker,1960;Heatonetal.,1999).Highlyeducatedwomentendtohavemorechildrenthanlesseducatedwomen.However,therearealsomanystudiesthatsuggestthateducationhasanegativeeffectonfertility(Carmichael&Whalley,1995;Bosco&Rosina,2005).Highlyeducatedwomentendtohavefewerchildre