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Lesson8RollingBearings
Rollingbearingscancarryradial,thrustorcombinationofthetwoloads.Accordingly,mostrollingbearingsarecategorizedinoneofthethreegroups:radialbearingsforcarryingloadsthatareprimarilyradial,thrustbearingsforsupportingloadsthatareprimarilyaxial,andangularcontactbearingsortaperedrollerbearingsforcarryingcombinedradialandaxialloads.Figure8.1ashowsacommonsingle-row,deepgrooveballbearing.Thebearingconsistsofaninnerring,anouterring,theballsandtheseparator.Toincreasethecontactareaand.hencepermitlargerloadstobecarried,theballsrunincurvilineargroovesintheringscalledraceway.Theradiusoftheracewayisverylittlelargerthantheradiusoftheball.Thistypeofbearingcanstandaradialloadaswellassomethrustload.SomeothertypesofrollingbearingsareshowninFigs.8.1b,8.lcand8.1d.



Figure8.1Sometype:ofrollingbearings:(a)deepgrooveballbearing;(b)thrustballbearing;(c)taperedrollerthrustbearing;(d)needlerollerbearing.



Theconcernofamachinedesignerwithballandrollerbearingsisfivefoldasfollows:(a)lifeinrelationtoload;(b)stiffness,i.e.deflectionsunderload;(c)friction;(d)wear;(e)noise.Formoderateloadsandspeedsthecorrectselectionofastandardbearingonthebasisofloadratingwillusuallysecuresatisfactoryperformance.Thedeflectionofthebearingelementswillbecomeimportantwhereloadsarehigh,althoughthisisusuallyoflessmagnitudethanthatoftheshaftsorothercomponentsassociatedwiththebearing.Wherespeedsarehighspecialcoolingarrangementsbecomenecessarywhichmayincreasefrictionaldrag.Wearisprimarilyassociatedwiththeintroductionofcontaminants,andsealingarrangementsmustbechosenwithregardtothehostilityoftheenvironment.

Becausethehighqualityandlowpriceofballandrollerbearingsdependsonquantityproduction,thetaskofthemachinedesignerbecomesoneofselectionratherthandesign.Rollingbearingsaregenerallymadewithsteelwhichisthrough-hardenedtoabout900HV.Owingtothehighstressesinvolved,apredominantformoffailureshouldbemetalfatigue,andagooddealofworkiscurrentlyinprogressintendedtoimprovethereliabilityofthistypeofbearing.Designcanbeb