托福阅读长难句 答案.docx

Whichofthefollowingbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentence?Incorrectanswerchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

Sincethelawsofphysics,notsomearbitrarydecision,havedeterminedthegeneralformofapplied-artobjects,theyfollowbasicpatterns,somuchsothatfunctionalformscanvaryonlywithincertainlimits.

○Functionalapplied-artobjectscannotvarymuchfromthebasicpatternsdeterminedbythelawsofphysics.
○Thefunctionofapplied-artobjectsisdeterminedbybasicpatternsinthelawsofphysics.
○Sincefunctionalapplied-artobjectsvaryonlywithincertainlimits,arbitrarydecisionscannothavedeterminedtheirgeneralform.
○Thegeneralformofapplied-artobjectsislimitedbysomearbitrarydecisionthatisnotdeterminedbythelawsofphysics.

Thestructureofthebackboneshows,however,thatAmbulocetusswamlikemodernwhales[bymovingtherearportionofitsbodyupanddown],eventhoughaflukewasmissing.
○EventhoughAmbulocetusswambymovingitsbodyupanddown,itdidnothaveabackbone.
○ThebackboneofAmbulocetus,whichallowedittoswim,providesevidenceofitsmissingfluke.
○AlthoughAmbulocetushadnofluke,itsbackbonestructureshowsthatitswamlikemodernwhales.
○Bymovingtherearpartsoftheirbodiesupanddown,modernwhalesswiminadifferentwayfromthewayAmbulocetusswam.

Theextremeseriousnessofdesertificationresultsfromthevastareasoflandandthetremendousnumbersofpeopleaffected,aswellasfromthegreatdifficultyofreversingorevenslowingtheprocess.

○Desertificationisasignificantproblembecauseitissohardtoreverseandaffectslargeareasoflandandgreatnumbersofpeople.
○Slowingdowntheprocessofdesertificationisdifficultbecauseofpopulationgrowththathasspreadoverlargeareasofland.
○Thespreadofdesertsisconsideredaveryseriousproblemthatcanbesolvedonlyiflargenumbersofpeopleinvariouscountriesareinvolvedintheeffort.
○Desertificationisextremelyhardtoreverseunlessthepopulationisreducedinthevastareasaffected.

Herefusedtodevelopprojectiontechnology,reasoningthatifhemadeandsoldprojectors,thenexhibitorswouldpurchaseonlyonemachine-aprojector-fromhiminstea