新托福测试题.docx

阅读1.Whatisthemainreasonthatpeopledevelopedmethodsofrefrigeration?eq\o\ac(○,A)Theywantedtoimprovetheflavorandnutritionalvalueoffood.eq\o\ac(○,B)Theyneededtoslowthenaturalprocessesthatcausefoodtospoil.eq\o\ac(○,C)Theyneededausefortheicethatformedonlakesandrivers.eq\o\ac(○,D)Theywantedtoexpandtheproductionofcertainindustries.2.Thewordperishableinparagraph1isclosestinmeaningtoeq\o\ac(○,A)capableofspoilingeq\o\ac(○,B)uncookedeq\o\ac(○,C)ofanimalorigineq\o\ac(○,D)highlynutritious3.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph1aboutcoldstoragebeforetheinventionofartificialrefrigeration?eq\o\ac(○,A)Itkeptfoodcoldforonlyaboutaweek.eq\o\ac(○,B)Itwasdependentonasourceoficeorsnow.eq\o\ac(○,C)Itrequiredacontainermadeofmetalorwood.eq\o\ac(○,D)Itwasnotasafemethodofpreservingmeat.4.ArtificialrefrigerationinvolvesallofthefollowingprocessesEXCEPTeq\o\ac(○,A)thepumpingofwatervaporthroughapipeeq\o\ac(○,B)therapidexpansionofcertaingaseseq\o\ac(○,C)theevaporationofavolatileliquideq\o\ac(○,D)thetransferofheatfromoneplacetoanother5.Whichsentencebelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinparagraph2?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.eq\o\ac(○,A)Ittakesalotofenergytotransformaliquidintoavapor,especiallywhenthevaporlosesheat.eq\o\ac(○,B)SomegasesexpandrapidlyandgiveoffenergywhentheyencounteraverycoldTHEDEVELOPMENTOFREFRIGERATION
Coldstorage,orrefrigeration,iskeepingfoodattemperaturesbetween32and45degreesFinordertodelaythegrowthofmicroorganisms—bacteria,molds,andveast—thatcausefoodtospoil.Refrigerationproducesfewchangesinfood,someats,fish,eggs,milk,fruits,andvegetableskeeptheiroriginalflavor,color,andnutrition.Beforeartificialrefrigerationwasinvented,peoplestoredperishablefoodwithiceorsnowtolengthenitsstoragetime.Preservingfoodbykeepingitinanice—filledpitisa4,000-year-oldart.Coldstorageareaswerebuiltinbasements,cellars,orcaves,linedwithwoodorstraw,andpackedwithice.Theicewastransportedfrom