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美国棕地治理介绍与分析(英文) Introduction: Brownfieldmanagementisanessentialareathatrequiresattentionduetothegrowingnumberofabandonedandunder-utilizedcontaminatedpropertiesintheUnitedStates.Thesesitesposesignificantenvironmental,economic,andsocialrisksifleftunaddressed.Thefederalandstategovernmentshaveformulatedpoliciestomanagebrownfieldstopromotesustainableeconomicdevelopmentandimproveenvironmentalquality.ThispaperdiscussesbrownfieldmanagementintheUnitedStates,includingitsdefinition,therelevantfederallaws,stateprograms,andstrategicapproachestoachievebrownfieldredevelopment. BrownfieldDefinition: Brownfieldsareabandonedorunderutilizedindustrialorcommercialpropertiesthatarepotentiallycontaminatedduetopastoperations.Thesepropertiesarecommonlyfoundinurbanandindustrialareasandareaffectedbyenvironmentalpollutionfromvarioussources.AccordingtotheUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA),abrownfieldsiteisapropertywherethereuseorredevelopmentiscomplicatedbythepresenceorpotentialpresenceofhazardoussubstances,pollutants,orcontaminants. FederalLaws: Thefederalgovernmenthasenactedseverallawstofacilitatebrownfieldmanagement,includingtheComprehensiveEnvironmentalResponse,Compensation,andLiabilityAct(CERCLA)andtheBrownfieldsRevitalizationandEnvironmentalRestorationAct(BREA).CERCLA,alsoknownasSuperfund,providesanationalframeworktocleanuphazardouswastesitesacrosstheUnitedStates.TheBREAlawpromotesthecleanupandredevelopmentofbrownfieldsbyprovidingfundingandincentivestostateandlocalcommunities. StatePrograms: Moststateshavedevelopedprogramstosupportbrownfieldredevelopment,mainlybyprovidinggrants,taxincentives,andotherfinancingmechanisms.Forexample,CaliforniahasaBrownfieldsRestorationandReuseProgram,whichprovidestechnicalsupport,grants,andlow-interestloanstosupportbrownfieldredevelopment.Pennsylvaniaalsohasasimilarprogram,knownastheBrownfieldActionTeam,whichprovidesassistancetocommunitiesinaddressingbrownfieldsites. StrategicApproaches: Brownfieldredevelopmentrequiresastrategicapproachtoachievep

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