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WTO体系下欧盟现行普惠制合法性研究
Title:TheLegitimacyoftheGeneralizedSystemofPreferencesintheEuropeanUnion'sCurrentFrameworkundertheWTOSystem
Introduction:
TheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)hascreatedaframeworkthatgovernstraderelationsbetweencountriesandpromoteseconomicstabilityanddevelopment.Withinthisframework,theEuropeanUnion(EU)hasimplementedtheGeneralizedSystemofPreferences(GSP)asamechanismtoprovidetradeconcessionsandbenefitstodevelopingcountries.However,thelegitimacyoftheGSPundertheWTOsystemrequirescarefulexamination.ThispaperaimstoexplorethelegalfoundationsandjustificationsoftheGSPintheEU,aswellasitscompliancewiththeprinciplesofnon-discriminationandreciprocity.
1.BackgroundandEvolutionoftheGSPintheEU:
TheGSPwasestablishedbytheEUinthe1970swiththeintentionofsupportingtheeconomicdevelopmentofdevelopingcountriesbygrantingthempreferentialaccesstoEUmarkets.Thesystemhasundergoneseveralrevisionsandtransitionsovertheyearstoaddressthechangingneedsandcircumstancesofbeneficiarycountries.Today,theGSPconsistsofthreeregimes-theStandardGSP,EverythingButArms(EBA),andGSP+-eachofferingvaryingdegreesoftradepreferencestodifferentgroupsofcountries.
2.LegalFoundationsoftheGSPwithintheWTOSystem:
TheGSPoperateswithinthelegalframeworkoftheWTO,specificallytheGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade(GATT)andtheAgreementonRulesofOrigin.TheGATTallowsfortheuseofpreferentialtreatmentaslongasitmeetscertainconditions,includingtheneedforthesystemtobenon-discriminatoryandnotcausesubstantialadverseeffectstootherWTOmembers.Similarly,theAgreementonRulesofOriginestablishesguidelinesfordeterminingtheoriginofgoodseligibleforpreferentialtreatment.TheGSPmustthereforeadheretotheselegalstandardstomaintainitslegitimacy.
3.Non-discriminationandReciprocityPrinciples:
Theprinciplesofnon-discriminationandreciprocityarefundamentaltotheWTOsystem.Non-discriminationreferstotheprincipleoftreatingalltradingpartnersequally,withoutunjustifieddistinctions.Reciprocityrequiresthattradeconcessionsandbenefitsgrantedbyonemembershouldbemetwithequiva