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FPSO限位技术
Introduction
FPSO(FloatingProductionStorageandOffloading)vesselsareoneofthecriticalcomponentsofoffshoreoilandgasproductionactivities.Thevesselisessentiallyafloatingfacilitydesignedtodealwiththeprimaryseparationofoil,gas,andwaterandstoretheextractedhydrocarbonsuntiltheyaretransportedtoshore.FPSOsmustbeequippedwithadvancedtechnologiestoensuretheirsafetyandefficientoperations.Onesuchtechnologyisthelimitationsystem,whichisintendedtorestrictthemovementofthevesselwithinpredefinedlimits.Thispaperwillprovideacomprehensiveoverviewofthelimitationsystem,includingitsrole,differenttypes,andapplicationsinFPSOs.
RoleofFPSOLimitationSystem
FPSOsareexpectedtooperateinharshoffshoreenvironments,andanyuncontrolledmovementcanposeasignificantrisktothecrew,facilities,andtheenvironment.Thelimitationsystemisthereforedesignedtorestrictthemovementofthevesselwithinpredefinedlimits,ensuringthesafetyoftheoperations.Thelimitationsystemalsohelpstoprotectthevessel'sequipmentandstructure,preventingdamagefromexternalforcessuchaswaves,wind,andcurrents.Inaddition,thelimitationsystemenablesthevessel'screwtoperformtasksandoperationswithmoreprecision,reducingthepossibilityofaccidentsorerrors.
TypesofLimitationSystems
TherearetwoprimarytypesoflimitationsystemsusedinFPSOs;mechanicalandelectrical.
MechanicalLimitationSystem:Thisistheoldertechnology,anditoperatesbyusingphysicalmechanicaldevicestorestrictthevessel'smovementwithinpredefinedlimits.Theprimarydeviceusedisthemechanicalstopper,whichisinstalledatstrategicpointsinthevessel'sstructure.Whenthevesselreachesitslimit,themechanicalstopperscomeintocontactwiththevessel'sstructure,preventingfurthermovement.Themechanicallimitationsystemisreliable,anditdoesnotrequireanyexternalpowersourcetooperate.
ElectricalLimitationSystem:Thisisthenewertechnology,anditoperatesbyusingelectricalsensorsandalgorithmstocontrolthevessel'smovement.Theelectricallimitationsystemisinstalledinthevessel'scontrolroom,anditusessensorstomonitorthevessel'sposition,speed,andheading.T