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中英成语的对等性及文化比较
Introduction
Idiomsarepopularexpressionsthathavedeeprootsincultures.Theyoftenconveyuniquemeaningsthatarehardtotranslateword-for-word.Manyidiomsarebasedonculturalbeliefs,customs,andrituals.Forthisreason,itcanbedifficulttofindaccurateequivalentsinotherlanguages.Therefore,idiomsrepresentlinguisticandculturalbarriers.TheaimofthispaperistoexploretheequivalenceofidiomsinEnglishandChineseandcomparetheculturalvaluesbehindthem.
1.EquivalenceofEnglishandChineseIdioms
EnglishandChineseidiomsarecreatedusingdifferentlinguisticandculturalcontexts.Therefore,comparingthemcanbechallenging.InEnglish,idiomsoftenusemetaphorsandhyperboleswhileChineseidiomsemployarangeofrhetoricaldevicessuchasalliteration,rhyme,andparallelism.Furthermore,ChineseidiomstendtobeshorterthanEnglishidioms,whichcanleadtodifficultiesintranslation.
Forexample,theEnglishidiom‘it’srainingcatsanddogs’impliesthatitisrainingheavily.InChinese,theequivalentidiomis‘雨催花落’(yǔcuīhuāluò),whichtranslatesto‘therainacceleratesthefallingofflowers'.Whilebothidiomsexpressthesameconcept,theChineseidiomhasapoeticandelegantflavorthattheEnglishidiomlacks.
AnotherexampleistheEnglishidiom‘tokilltwobirdswithonestone.’Thisphraseexpressesaccomplishingtwotasksatonce.Ontheotherhand,theequivalentChineseidiom‘一举两得’(yījǔliǎngdé)literallytranslatesto‘onemove,twogains’andcouldbeunderstoodas‘killingtwobirdswithonearrow’.Whiletheideaisthesameinboth,thedifferentculturalbackgroundsleadtodifferentmetaphors.
Overall,idiomsinbothEnglishandChineselanguagesreflecttheirrespectivecultures,whichhaveuniquevalues,concepts,andbeliefs.Therefore,whiletherearesomeequivalentidiomsinbothlanguages,therearemanythatareunmatched,reflectingthediverseculturestheyrepresent.
2.ComparisonofCulturalValues
Culturalvaluesholdadominantpositioninthecreationandinterpretationofidioms.Thus,anin-depthcomparisonofidiomsinEnglishandChineseshowsdifferencesandsimilaritiesinculturalbeliefs.
IntraditionalChineseculture,idiomswereusedtoexpressConfucianandTaoistvalues,suchashum