微机数控车削螺纹的控制原理与插补方法.docx

微机数控车削螺纹的控制原理与插补方法
摘要
本文主要介绍了微机数控车削螺纹的控制原理与插补方法。首先，本文简单介绍了微机数控的基本原理。接着详细叙述了车削螺纹的控制原理，包括螺纹的类型、传统车削螺纹的方法和微机数控车削螺纹的原理。然后，本文重点介绍了微机数控车削螺纹的插补方法，包括直线插补、圆弧插补和螺旋线插补。最后，本文总结了微机数控车削螺纹的主要特点和应用前景。
关键词：微机数控，车削螺纹，插补方法，直线插补，圆弧插补，螺旋线插补
Introduction
Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,themanufacturingindustryhasrapidlyshiftedfromtraditionalmanualandnumericalcontrolprocessingtocomputernumericalcontrol(CNC)processing.Microcomputernumericalcontrol(MCNC)isanewgenerationofCNCtechnology.ItappliesmicrocomputerstoCNCsystemsandhasmanyadvantagesovertraditionalCNCsystems,suchassmallersize,greatervibrationresistance,easiermaintenance,andlowercost.AsanimportantapplicationofMCNC,microcomputernumericalcontrolthreadinghasbeenwidelyusedinthemanufacturingindustry.ThispaperwilldiscussthecontrolprinciplesandinterpolationmethodsofMCNCthreading.
ControlPrincipleofThreading
Therearemanytypesofthreads,suchasstandardthreads,non-standardthreads,andspecialthreads.Generallyspeaking,threadscanbedividedintoexternalthreadsandinternalthreads.Theexternalthreadisathreadontheoutsideoftheworkpiece,whiletheinternalthreadisathreadontheinsideoftheworkpiece.Traditionalthreadingmethodsincludesingle-pointthreadingandtapping.Single-pointthreadingissuitableformachiningexternalthreads,whiletappingissuitableformachininginternalthreads.Thesetwomethodsareaccomplishedbymanuallycontrollingthemovementofthecuttingtool.
MCNCthreadingisbasedonthecontrolprincipleofCNCprocessing.TheMCNCsystemiscomposedofamicrocomputer,aservomotor,adriver,andafeedbackdevice.Themicrocomputersendscommandstotheservomotor,whichcontrolsthemovementofthecuttingtoolthroughthedriver.Thefeedbackdevicemonitorstheactualpositionofthecuttingtoolandsendsfeedbacktothemicrocomputer.Basedonthefeedback,themicrocomputeradjuststhemovementofthecuttingtooltoachievethedesiredthread.
InterpolationMethodofThreading
Interpolationistheprocessofcalculatingtheintermediatevaluesbetweentwoormoreknownpositions.InMCNCthreading,interpolationisusedtocalculatethepositionandtrajectoryoft