英美合同法中允诺理论与非允诺理论的冲突研究-豆柴文库

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英美合同法中允诺理论与非允诺理论的冲突研究
Title:AComparativeStudyontheConflictBetweentheDoctrineofPromissoryEstoppelandtheDoctrineofConsiderationinEnglishandAmericanContractLaw
Introduction:
ContractlawisacrucialaspectofthelegalsystemsinboththeUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdom.Theprinciplesunderlyingcontractlawfacilitatethesmoothfunctioningofbusinesstransactionsandprovideassurancetopartiesinvolvedinanagreement.WithintheframeworksofEnglishandAmericancontractlaw,twocontrastingdoctrinesregardingtheenforcementofcontractsexist:thedoctrineofpromissoryestoppelandthedoctrineofconsideration.ThispaperaimstoexploretheconflictbetweenthesetwodoctrinesandanalyzehowtheyareappliedinEnglishandAmericancontractlaw.
TheDoctrineofPromissoryEstoppel:
Thedoctrineofpromissoryestoppel,alsoknownasdetrimentalreliance,recognizesthatapartymaybepreventedfromgoingbackonitspromiseiftheotherpartyhasactedtotheirdetrimentbasedonthatpromise.Thisdoctrineischaracterizedbyitsemphasisonfairnessandjustice.Itensuresthatpartieswhohavereliedonapromisemadebytheotherpartyinacontractualrelationshipareprotectedfromanyharmorlosssufferedasaresultofsuchreliance.
TheDoctrineofConsideration:
Ontheotherhand,thedoctrineofconsiderationrequiresthatacontractmustbesupportedbyvaluableconsiderationfromeachpartyinvolved.Considerationreferstosomethingofvaluethatisexchangedbetweentheparties.Intraditionalcontractlaw,considerationisseenasnecessaryfortheformationofalegallybindingcontract.Withoutconsideration,apromisemaylackenforceability.
ConflictbetweentheDoctrines:
Theconflictbetweenthedoctrineofpromissoryestoppelandthedoctrineofconsiderationariseswhenthereisadiscrepancyintheelementsrequiredforestablishingavalidcontract.Thedoctrineofconsiderationdemandsthepresenceofvaluableconsiderationforacontracttobelegallyenforceable.However,incaseswherepromissoryestoppelisinvoked,thedoctrineofconsiderationmaybebypassedifthepartyallegingpromissoryestoppelcandemonstratethattheyhavesuffereddetrimentduetotheirrelianceonthepromise.
DifferencesinEnglishandAmericanContra