IPv6地址结构标准化研究综述-豆柴文库

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IPv6地址结构标准化研究综述
Introduction
TheInternetProtocol(IP)isacrucialcommunicationprotocolthatenablescommunicationbetweendevicesconnectedtotheinternet.IPaddressesareusedtoidentifydevicesontheinternet.ThecurrentversionofIP,IPv4,hasbeenusedformorethanthreedecadesandhasalmostexhausteditsaddressspaceduetotheproliferationofnewdevicesconnectedtotheinternet.Tosolvethisproblem,anewversionofIP,IPv6,hasbeendevelopedwithamuchlargeraddressspace.ThispaperprovidesanoverviewofthestandardizationresearchofIPv6addressstructure.
IPv6AddressStructure
IPv6addressesare128-bitaddressesthatarerepresentedinhexadecimalform.AnIPv6addressisdividedintoeight16-bitblocksseparatedbyacolon.Forexample,asampleIPv6addressis2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334.Thisaddressisdividedintoeightblocks,witheachblockconsistingoffourhexadecimaldigits.
AnIPv6addresshastwoparts-thenetworkprefixandthehostidentifier.Thenetworkprefixidentifiestheaddressrangeallocatedtoanetwork,andthehostidentifieridentifiesauniquedevicewithinthenetwork.Theroutingprocessisbasedonthenetworkprefix.Thehostidentifierhelpsidentifyindividualhostswithinthenetwork.
IPv6AddressAllocation
IPv6addressesaregloballyunique,andtheirallocationfollowsahierarchicalstructurethatenablesefficientrouting.TheInternetAssignedNumbersAuthority(IANA)allocatesIPv6addressblockstoRegionalInternetRegistries(RIRs).RIRsallocatetheaddressblockstoLocalInternetRegistries(LIRs).LIRsthenallocatetheaddressblockstoorganizationsorinternetserviceproviders(ISPs)thatneedthem.
IPv6AddressConfiguration
IPv6addressescanbeconfiguredinseveralways,includingmanually,dynamically,andstatelessly.ManualconfigurationinvolvesmanuallyassigningIPv6addressestodevices.DynamicconfigurationinvolvestheuseofprotocolssuchastheDynamicHostConfigurationProtocolversion6(DHCPv6)toautomaticallyassignIPv6addressestodevices.StatelessAddressAutoconfiguration(SLAAC)isamechanismthatallowsdevicestoconfiguretheirIPv6addresswithouttheneedforaDHCPv6server.
IPv6andRouting
RoutinginIPv6isbasedonthenetworkprefixinsteado