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第PAGE\*MERGEFORMAT20页共NUMPAGES\*MERGEFORMAT20页 大学公共英语三级(PETS3)真题试卷及答案 SECTIONⅡReading (50minutes) PartA Directions Readthefollowingtwotexts.AnswerthequestionsoneachtextbychoosingA、B、C、D.MarkyouranswersonyourANSWERSHEET. Text1 Passwordsareeverywhereincomputersecurity.Alltoooften,theyarealsoineffective.Agoodpasswordhastobebotheasytorememberandhardtoguess,butinpracticepeopleseemtopayattentiontotheformer.Namesofwives,husbandsandchildrenarepopular."123456"or“12345”arealsocommonchoices. Thatpredictabilityletssecurityresearchers(andhackers)createdictionarieswhichlistcommonpasswords,usefultothoseseekingtobreakin.Butalthoughresearchersknowthatpasswordsareinsecure,workingoutjusthowinsecurehasbeendifficult.Manystudieshaveonlysmallsamplestoworkon. However,withtheco-operationofYahoo!,JosephBonneauofCambridgeUniversityobtainedthebiggestsampletodate-70millionpasswordsthatcamewithusefuldataabouttheirowners. MrBonneaufoundsomeinterestingvariations.Olderusershadbetterpasswordsthanyoungones.PeoplewhosepreferredlanguagewasKoreanorGermanchosethemostsecurepasswords;thosewhospokeIndonesiantheleast.Passwordsdesignedtohidesensitiveinformationsuchascredit-cardnumberswereonlyslightlymoresecurethanthoseprotectinglessimportantthings,likeaccesstogames."Nagscreens"thattolduserstheyhadchosenaweakpasswordmadevirtuallynodifference.Anduserswhoseaccountshadbeenhackedinthepastdidnotmakemoresecurechoicesthanthosewhohadneverbeenhacked. Butitisthebroaderanalysisofthesamplethatisofmostinteresttosecurityresearchers.Fordespitetheirdifferences,the70millionuserswerestillpredictableenoughthatagenericpassworddictionarywaseffectiveagainstboththeentiresampleandanysliceofit.MrBonneauisblunt：“Anattackerwhocanmanagetenguessesperaccountwillcompromisearound1%ofaccounts.”Andthatisaworthwhileoutcomeforahacker. Oneobvioussolutionwouldbeforsitestolimitthenumberofguessesthatcanbemadebeforeaccessisblocked.Yetwhereasthebiggestsites,suchasGoogleandMicrosoft,dotakesuchmeasures,manydonot.Thereasonsoftheirnotdoingsoarevar
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