线性麦克风阵列定向性能的研究.pdf

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线性麦克风阵列定向性能的研究

段进伟,史元春,陈孝杰

(清华大学计算机科学与技术系，北京市海淀区，100084)

StudyontheDirectingPerformanceoftheLinearMicrophoneArray

DuanJin-wei,ShiYuan-chun,ChenXiao-jie

(DepartmentofComputerScienceandTechnology,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing,100084,China)
+Correspondingauthor:Phn:[phone]-805,E-mail:[e-mail]
Received2007-07-31;Accepted2007-08-31

Abstract:Speechsourcelocalizationtechnology,usingmicrophonearray,playsanimportantroleintheareaof
human-computerinteraction,especiallythatinsmartspace.Theinformationofsourcepositionprovidedbythe
microphonearraycanbeusedinmanyplace,suchasdynamicallyadjusttheparametersofthearrayinorderto
acquirehigh-qualityspeechaudio,etc.Therefore,speechsourcelocalizationhasbecomeahottopicinboth
researchandapplicationareas.Theobjectiveofthispaperistoanalyzetheaffectiononthesymmetricallinear
microphonearraydirectingperformancecausedbythechangesofmicrophonenumbers,thespacingbetween
microphones,thesamplingfrequencyandsoon.Inordertoaccomplishthis,wesetuptwolinearmicrophone
arrayswithdifferenthardwareanddesignedcomparativeexperiments.Afterthespeechdatawascaptured,an
algorithmcalledSRP-PHATwasusedtoestimatethespeechsourcedirection.Weanalyzedthepossibletheoretic
errorsexistedintheexperimentscarefully,andaftertheexperiments,weanalyzedthedirectingresults,and
comparedtheactualdirectingerrorswiththepossibletheoreticerrors.Atlast,wesummarizedtheperformanceof
thetwolinearmicrophonearrays,andeducedtheconfigurationofthelinearmicrophonearraysystemwhenits
integrativeperformanceachievesthepeak.

Keywords:linearmicrophonearray;speechsourcedirecting;theoreticerror;directingperformance

摘要:麦克风阵列在人机交互中有着重要的研究和应用价值。而线性均匀麦克风阵列最简单，其基本功能
是声源的定向。本文通过实验分析各种参数变化对线性麦克风阵列定向性能的影响。我们搭建了硬件参数不
同的两套线性麦克风阵列并设计了对比实验。使用SRP-PHAT算法定向声源。我们分析了声源定向时各种可
能的理论误差，对实验结果进行了误差分析，并与可能的理论误差做了对比。通过理论分析和对比实验，本
文提出了线性麦克风阵列系统的性能评价指标，并给出了综合性能最优时的麦克风阵列系统参数配置。
关键词:线性麦克风阵列;声源定向;理论误差;定向性能
中图法分类号:****文献标识码:A

∗SupportedbyNationalHigh-TechResearchandDevelopmentPlanofChinaunderGrantNo.2006AA01