大学英语四级阅读击破：篇章词汇阅读篇(2).docx

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大学英语四级阅读击破：篇章词汇阅读篇(2)

Passage2Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetocoldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsandtheirconsequences,arguethatrewardscan__1__performanceatworkandschool.Cognitive(认识派的)researchers,whostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,maintainthatrewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceon__2__andgiftsfromothers.Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,__3__amongeducators.Butthecarefuluseofsmall__4__rewardsspeakscreativityingradeschoolchildren,suggestingthatproperlypresentedinducements(刺激)indeed__5__inventiveness,accordingtoastudyintheJuneJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology.“Ifkidsknowthey’reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelatively__6__task,theyshowthemostcreativity,”saysRobertEisenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark.“Butit’seasyto__7__creativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards.Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsourhighgradesfor__8__achievementendsuPwithuninspiredstudents,Eisenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsand__9__failinggrades.Inearlygrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomies,inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,shows__10__inraisingeffortsandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.A)mentalB)promiseC)killD)avoidE)hopeF)especiallyG)aidH)ordinaryI)approvalJ)monetaryK)generallyL)improveM)challengingN)restoreO)excellentAnswers:1.选L）。第一段主要提出了行为学家和认知派研究专家对于额外奖励的不同看法，因此可以推出此处应填与destroy意思相反的动词，可选项由improve和aid，但能与performance构成动宾搭配的只有improve，故排除aid。2.选I）。由空格后的andgift可知此处应填名词。认知派研究专家认为，由于奖励助长了人们期望从别人那得到……和物质奖励的心理，而往往会破坏创造力，因此，选项中只有approval“认同”符合题意。3.选F）。此处应填副词。可选项有generally和especially，但从文章后面所举的例子来理解，此处是为了突出强调教育家支持认知派研究专家的看法，因此只有especially“尤其，特别”符合题意。4.选J）。此处应填形容词。由But转折可知此句表明的观点与认知派研究专家whostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife的观点“物质奖励有害”相反，因此可以推出此处应填