中国的审判制度(英)(2).doc

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中国的审判制度（英）（2）

3.SafeguardsforJudges
TheJudgeLawprovidesjudgeswiththefollowingsafeguards:
Professionalsafeguards:Judgesshallbegrantedadequatepowersandworkingconditionsinordertoperformtheirduties;theyshallbefreefrominterferenceinexercisingtheirjudicialpowersfromanyadministrativeauthoritiesorindividual;theyshallnotberemoved,demoted,dismissedordisciplinedunlessforstatutoryreasonsandprocedures.
Salarysafeguards:Judgesshallreceiveremunerationfortheirperformanceofdutiesandenjoyinsuranceandotherbenefits.
Corporalsafeguard:Judgesshallreceivelegalprotectionfortheircorporal,propertyandresidentialsafety.
Others:Judgesshallhavetherighttoresign,petitionoraccuse,orparticipateintraining.
4.Promotions
Judgesaredividedinto12levels,withthepresidentoftheSupremePeople'sCourtbeingtheChiefJusticeandthosebetweenLevel2and12beinglabeledJustice,SeniorJudgeandJudge.Thelevelofseniorityisdeterminedbythejudge'sposition,performance,professionalismandseniority.Promotionsarebasedonannualperformancereviews,whichareconductedbythecourtswherethejudgesserve.Performancereviewsshallbeconductedinanobjective,impartialmannerandbineevaluationsbybothsuperiorsandsubordinates.
5.RewardsandPenalties
Judgesarerewardedfortheiroutstandingperformanceandcontributions.Rewardscanbepublicrecognitionofperformance,ThirdReward,SecondReward,FirstRewardandtheconferringofanhonorarytitle.
Judgesmustnotengageinanyofthefollowingacts:disseminateinformationharmfultothereputationofthestate;participateinillegalorganizations;participateinanti-governmentgatherings,demonstrationsandprotests;participateinstrikes;embezzleortakebribes;practicefavoritisminbreachoflaw;extortconfessionsbytorture;concealorforgeevidence;leakstatesecretsorconfidentialinformationrelatedtojudicialproceedings;abusepowertoviolatethelawfulrightsandinterestsofcitizens,legalpersonsorotherorganizations;neglectdutiesresultinginwrongrulingsorseriousdamagestothelitigant（s）;purposefullydelayproceedings;abusepowertoseekprofitforthemselvesorothers;engageinbu