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第页共NUMPAGES15页 中国的审判制度（英）（2） 3.SafeguardsforJudges TheJudgeLawprovidesjudgeswiththefollowingsafeguards: Professionalsafeguards:Judgesshallbegrantedadequatepowersandworkingconditionsinordertoperformtheirduties;theyshallbefreefrominterferenceinexercisingtheirjudicialpowersfromanyadministrativeauthoritiesorindividual;theyshallnotberemoved,demoted,dismissedordisciplinedunlessforstatutoryreasonsandprocedures. Salarysafeguards:Judgesshallreceiveremunerationfortheirperformanceofdutiesandenjoyinsuranceandotherbenefits. Corporalsafeguard:Judgesshallreceivelegalprotectionfortheircorporal,propertyandresidentialsafety. Others:Judgesshallhavetherighttoresign,petitionoraccuse,orparticipateintraining. 4.Promotions Judgesaredividedinto12levels,withthepresidentoftheSupremePeople'sCourtbeingtheChiefJusticeandthosebetweenLevel2and12beinglabeledJustice,SeniorJudgeandJudge.Thelevelofseniorityisdeterminedbythejudge'sposition,performance,professionalismandseniority.Promotionsarebasedonannualperformancereviews,whichareconductedbythecourtswherethejudgesserve.Performancereviewsshallbeconductedinanobjective,impartialmannerandbineevaluationsbybothsuperiorsandsubordinates. 5.RewardsandPenalties Judgesarerewardedfortheiroutstandingperformanceandcontributions.Rewardscanbepublicrecognitionofperformance,ThirdReward,SecondReward,FirstRewardandtheconferringofanhonorarytitle. Judgesmustnotengageinanyofthefollowingacts:disseminateinformationharmfultothereputationofthestate;participateinillegalorganizations;participateinanti-governmentgatherings,demonstrationsandprotests;participateinstrikes;embezzleortakebribes;practicefavoritisminbreachoflaw;extortconfessionsbytorture;concealorforgeevidence;leakstatesecretsorconfidentialinformationrelatedtojudicialproceedings;abusepowertoviolatethelawfulrightsandinterestsofcitizens,legalpersonsorotherorganizations;neglectdutiesresultinginwrongrulingsorseriousdamagestothelitigant（s）;purposefullydelayproceedings;abusepowertoseekprofitforthemselvesorothers;engageinbu
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