材料学专业词汇.docx

材料学专业词汇

第一篇：材料学专业词汇8.Fracture:MicroscopicAspectsfracturen断裂microscopica微观的macroscopica宏观的crackn裂纹nucleationn形核propagationn扩展ductilea韧性的brittlea脆性的brittlenessn脆性semi-brittlea半脆性的failuren失效coalescencen连接voidn空洞cross-sectional横截面的shearv剪切transgranulara穿晶的preferentiallyadv优先地intergranulara沿晶的magnificationn放大indentationn凹陷8.1morphologyn组织，形态dimplev生微涡rupturen断裂neckingn颈缩elastica弹性的ceramicsn陶瓷polymern聚合物tipn尖端cleavagefracture解理断裂grainboundary晶界crystallographicplane晶体学面grainn晶粒crazen微裂纹tensilea拉伸的stressconcentration应力集中precursorn预兆shearingbanding剪切带flowstress流变应力compositen复合材料fibrousa纤维的matrixn基体reinforcementn增强bondingn结合compressionn压缩kinkingn扭断mechanismn机制plastica塑性的microbucklingn微观弯曲8.2mobiledislocation可动位错interatomica原子间的bondn键cohesivestress内聚应力perfectcrystal完整晶体Young’smodulus杨氏模量defectn缺陷whiskern晶须immobilea不可动的slipplane滑移面restrictionn限制criterionn判据fibern纤维rollv轧制heterogeneityn不均匀性striationn擦痕interiorn内部airbubble气泡parametern参数inflexibilityn不变性dimplen韧窝triaxiala三轴的equiaxiala等轴的ellipticala椭圆的elastic-plastic弹塑性qualitativea定性的stainlesssteel不锈钢interfacialbonding界面结合triaxialityn三轴，cleavagev解理，分裂crystallographica.结晶学的crystallinen晶体orientationn.取向，排列方向facetn倒角screwdislocation螺旋位错cleavagestep解理台阶convergencen会聚face-centeredcubic面心立方体body-centeredcubic体心立方体hexagonalclose-packed密排六方体tungstenn钨molybdenumn钼chromiumn铬berylliumn铍magnesiumn镁quenchv淬火tempern回火annealingn退火crystallattice结晶点阵sensitizeda激活trajectoryn轨迹phosphorusn磷.RecoveryandRecrystallizationrecoveryn回复recrystallizationn再结晶transformationn转变,相变alloyn合金meltinga熔化的cold-workeda冷加工的terminala终点的curvaturen曲线Gibbsfreeenergy吉布斯自由能entropyn熵10.1storedenergy储存能subgrainn亚晶impurityn杂质extrusionn挤压thermala热的inverselyproportion反比例10.2relaxationprocess驰豫过程vacancyn空位interstitialatom间隙原子vacancymotion空位移动hardnessn硬度resistivityn电阻率point-defect点缺陷self-explanatorya不解自明的elasticstrain弹性应变stackingfaults堆垛层错latticedefect点阵缺陷dislocationtangle位错缠结cellulara多孔的misorienteda取向错误的two-dimensional二维的diffusionn扩散Lauepattern劳厄斑diffractionspot衍射斑点etch-pittechniqu