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概况试题-美国

第一篇：概况试题-美国1、PuritanismPuritanswerethosewhofollowedthedoctrineofJohnCalvinandwantedtopurifytheChurchofEngland.TheybelievethathumanbeingswerepredestinedbyGodbeforetheywereborn.SomewereGod'schosenpeoplewhileothersweredamnedtohell.Nochurchnorgoodworkscouldsavepeople.ThesignofbeingGod'selectwasthesuccessinhisworkortheprosperityinhiscalling.TheyalsoarguedthateveryonemustreadtheBibleinordertofindGod'swillandestablishadirectcontactwithGod.ThesebeliefshadgreatimpactonAmericanculture.2.theAmericanRevolutionBetween1689and1815,franceandBritainfoughtSevenYears’war,andNorthAmericanwasdrawnintoeveryoneofthem.Britain’svictoryleddirectlytoaconflictwithitsAmericancolonies.TheBritishgovernmentarguedthatBritainhadspentlargesumsofmoneytodefendtheirAmericancoloniesinthosewars,andthatthecoloniststhereforeshouldpayapartofthoseexpenses.Sothebritishgovernmentbegantochargenewtaxes.Butthecolonistsrefusedtoobeythebritishlawsandcry”notaxationwithoutrepresentation”.OnApril19,1775,thefirstshotwasfiredwhen700BritishsoldierswenttocaptureacolonialarmsdepotinasmalltownofConcordnearBoston.TheAmericanWarofIndependencebegan.Andthewarcametoanendin1781withthevictoryofnorthamerican.TheTreatyofPariswassignedin1783andBritianhadtorecognizetheindependenceoftheUnitedStates.Anewnationwasthusborn.3.theDeclarationofIndependenceTheDeclarationofIndependencewasmainlydraftedbyThomasJeffersonandadoptedbytheCongressonJuly4,1776,whenthepeopleof13EnglishcolonialsinNorthAmericawerefightingfortheirfreedomandindependencefromtheBritishcolonialrule.Thedocumentdeclaredthatallmenwereequalandthattheywereentitledtohavesomeunalienablerightssuchaslife,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness.Italsoexplainedthephilosophyofgovernment:thepowersofgovernmentscamefromtheconsentofthegovernedandthepurposeofgovernmentsweretosecuretherightsmentionedabove.ThetheoryofpoliticsandtheguidingprinciplesoftheAmericanRevolutionmainlycamefromJohnLocke.4.AmericanConstitutionTheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesisthesupremelawoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.TheCon