英语学术演讲与写作4篇Summary-豆柴文库

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英语学术演讲与写作4篇Summary

第一篇：英语学术演讲与写作4篇SummarySummaryof‘scientistsshouldn’tbesurprisedbythepopularityofintelligentdesign’Inhisarticle’’whichaddressesmanyscientists,grumpsoverthepersistenceofID(intelligentdesign),scottLilienfeldpostulatesthatmanyAmericans,approvalofIDcannotbeblamedontheirlackofcommonsensebutrathertheirdependenceontheircommonsenseorintuitioninmakingjudgmentswhichturnsthemawayfromthetheoryofnaturalselection.AccordingtoLilienfeld,thedifficultyinintuitinghowmarvelouscreaturesandorganismshaveresultedfromnaturalselectionhaspreventedmanyAmericansfromacceptingDarwinianTheorywhilethesamecommonsensehasmadeIDrathertemptingtothem.Asisindicatedbyamultitudeofexamplesofwrongbeliefsbasedoncommonsense,intuitiondoesnotprovideareliablemeansofunderstandingtheworld.Unfortunately,scientistsandscienceeducatorshavefailedtoteachresearchmethodsandacademicskillsthatcanhelpdebunkmisconceptionscompatiblewithpeople,scommonsense.Finally,Lilienfeldconcludesthataradicalshiftinscienceeducationhastobeinitiatedsothatscientistswouldnotfaceafiascowhenconfrontingerroneousclaimsrefugedbypeople,scommonsense.Summaryof‘EmpowermentandRestraintinScientificCommunication’Inhisarticle“”,PhilipCampbellhighlightsadirelikelyconsequenceofbiologists”increasedabilitytoobtainanddistributescientificinformationthatsuchinformationmaybeexploitedbypeoplewithheinousintentions.Scientificcommunication,accordingtoCampbell,hasseensignificantdevelopmentduetotheinventionofpowerfulsoftwareandhardwarethatfacilitatescientists”acquisitionofinformationandreducethetroubletheymayotherwisehavetotakeinordertopublicizetheirresearch.However,theresultingplethoraofbiologicalinformationspawnsahazardthattheinformationmaybeusedtobuildbiologicalweapons,andthishazardhascometopeoplesattentionwithsyntheticbiologysrecentdevelopment.Campbellpointsoutthatitisrelativelyeasytoabusebiologicalknowledgewhilebiologicalstudiesoftenbringaboutunexpectedresults.Peopleusingbiologicalinformationformaliciouspurposemaybewhoeverhavelearnttoexploitsimplebiol