高二有机化学反应方程式小结[合集5篇].docx

高二有机化学反应方程式小结[合集5篇]

第一篇：高二有机化学反应方程式小结高二有机化学反应方程式小结有机化学反应方程式小结一.取代反应1.CH4+Cl2--光→CH3Cl+HClC2H6+Cl2-光→C2H5Cl+HCl2.C6H6+Br2—Fe→C6H5Br+HBr3.C2H5OH+HBr--加热→C2H5Br+H2O4.C6H6+HNO3--H2SO4水浴加热→C6H5NO2+H2O6.C6H5Cl+H2O--NaOHCu,高温,加压→C6H5OH+HCl7.C2H5Cl+H2O—NaOH→C2H5OH+HCl8.CH3COOC2H5+H2O--无机酸或碱→CH3COOH+C2H5OH9.(C17H35COO)3C3H5+3NaOH→C3H5(OH)3+3C17H35COOH二.加成反应10.CH2=CH2+H2→Ni加热→CH3CH13.CH2=CH2+HCl--催化剂,加热→CH3CH2Cl14.C2H2+H2--Ni,加热→CH2=CHC2H2+2H2--Ni,加热→CH3CH315.C2H2+2HCl--催化剂,加热→CH3CHCl216.CH2=CH-CH=CH2+Br2→CH2=CH-CHBr-CH2Br17.CH2=CH-CH=CH2+Br2→CH2Br-CH=CH-CH2Br18.CH2=CH-CH=CH2+2Br2→BrCH2-CHBr-CHBr-CH2Br19.CH3CHO+H2–Ni→CH3CH2OH20.CH2OH-(CHOH)4-CHO+H2--Ni→CH2OH-(CHOH)4-CH2OH21.C6H6+3H2—Ni→C6H12(环己烷)22.C6H6+3Cl2--光→C6H6Cl6(六六六)23.CH2=CH2+H2O--H2SO4或H3PO4,加热,加压→CH3CH2OH三.消去反应24.CH3CH2OH--浓H2SO4,170℃→CH2=CH2↑+H2O25.CH3CH2Br+NaOH--醇,加热→CH2=CH2↑+NaBr+H2O四.酯化反应(亦是取代反应)26.CH3COOH+CH3CH2OH--浓H2SO4,加热→CH3COOC2H5+H2O27.C3H5(OH)3+3HNO3--浓H2SO4→C3H5(ONO2)3+3H2O28.[C6H7O2(OH)3]n+3nHNO3(浓)--浓H2SO4→[C6H7O2(ONO2)3]n+3nH2O29.[C6H7O2(OH)3]n+3nCH3COOH--浓H2SO4→[C6H7O2(OOCCH3)3]n+3nH2O30.葡萄糖+乙酸乙酸酐五.水解(卤代烃、酯、油脂的水解见上,亦是取代反应)31.CH3COONa+H2O→CH3COOH+NaOH32.CH3CH2ONa+H2O→CH3CH2OH+NaOH33.C6H5ONa+H2O→C6H5OH+NaOH34.C17H35COONa+H2O→C17H35COOH+NaOH35.(C6H10O5)n+nH2O--淀粉酶→nC12H22O1淀粉麦芽糖36.2(C6H10O5)n+nH2O--H2SO4,加热→nC6H12O6淀粉葡萄糖37.(C6H10O5)n+nH2O--H2SO4,常时间加热→nC6H12O6纤维素葡萄糖38.C12H22O11+H2O--H2SO4→C6H12O6+C6H12O6蔗糖葡萄糖果糖39.C12H22O11+H2O--H2SO4→2C6H12O6麦芽糖葡萄糖40.蛋白质--胃蛋白酶或胰蛋白酶→各种a-氨基酸六.氧化反应(一)被强氧化剂氧化41.2C2H5OH+O2--Cu或Ag→2CH3CHO+2H2O42.C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+热43.2CH3CHO+O2→2CH3COOH★44.5CH2=CH2+6KMnO4+18H2SO4→6K2SO4+10CO2+12MnSO4+28H2O★45.5C6H5CH3+6KMnO4+9H2SO4→5C6H5COOH+3K2SO4+6MnSO4+14H2O★46.5C6H5CH2CH3+12KMnO4+18H2SO4→5C6H5COOH+5CO2+6K2SO4+12MnSO4+28H2O(二)被弱氧化剂氧化47.CH3CHO+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→CH3COONH4+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O48.CH3CHO+2Cu(OH)2加热→CH3COOH+Cu2O↓+2H2O49.CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→CH2OH(CHOH)4COONH4+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O50.CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO+2Cu(OH)2--加热→CH2OH(CHOH)4COOH+Cu2O↓+2H2O51.HCOOH+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→NH4HCO3+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O5