chapter1typesandusesoflanguagetests-豆柴文库

您所在位置：网站首页 / chapter1typesandusesoflanguagetests.ppt / 文档详情

免费试读已结束，剩余 40 页请下载文档后查看

10 金币

下载文档

/ 45

下载提示

如果您无法下载资料，请参考说明：

1、部分资料下载需要金币，请确保您的账户上有足够的金币

2、已购买过的文档，再次下载不重复扣费

3、资料包下载后请先用软件解压，在使用对应软件打开

文本预览

Chapter1TypesandusesoflanguagetestsReadinglistI.Twofamiliesoflanguagetests(I)Norm-referencedtestsNormalDistributionpeakedNorm-referencedtests(II)Criterion-referencedtestsNorn-referencedandcriterion-referencedtestdifferences(III)Matchingteststodecisionpurposes2.Program-levelplacementdecisions3.Classroom-levelachievementdecisions4.Classroom-leveldiagnostictestsIV.WhyasingletestcannotfulfillallfourfunctionsSpolsky(1978)classifiedthedevelopmentoflanguagetestingintothreeperiods,ortrends:theprescientificperiodthepsychometric/structuralistperiodtheintegrative/sociolinguisticperiod.grammar-translationapproachestolanguageteachingtranslationandfreecompositiontestsdifficulttoscoreobjectivelynostatisticaltechniquesappliedtovalidatethetestssimple,butunfairtostudentsThepsychometric-structuralistperiodTheintegrative-sociolinguisticperiodBachman’s(1990)’sframeworkofcommunicativelanguageability:Languagecompetence:grammatical,sociolinguistic,anddiscoursecompetence(Canale&Swain):organizationalcompetencegrammaticalcompetencetextualcompetencepragmaticcompetenceillocutionarycompetencesociolinguisticcompetenceStrategiccompetence:performsassessment,planning,andexecutionfunctionsindeterminingthemosteffectivemeansofachievingacommunicativegoalPsychophysiologicalmechanisms:characterizethechannel(auditory,visual)andmode(receptive,productive)Oller’s(1979)pragmaticproficiencytest:TemporallyandsequentiallyconsistentwiththerealworldoccurrencesoflanguageformsLinkingtoameaningfulextralinguisticcontextfamiliartothetesteesClark’s(1978)directassessment:approximatingtothegreatestextentthetestingcontexttotherealworldClozetestanddictationCommunicativetestingortotestcommunicativelyPerformancetestsNotdiscrete-pointinnatureIntegratingtwoormoreofthelanguageskillsoflistening,speaking,reading,writing,andotheraspectslikecohesionandcoherence,suprasegmentals,paralinguistics,kinesics,pragmatics,andcultureTask-based:essays,interviews,extensivereadingtasksPerformanceTestsRatersshouldbeappropriateintermsof:numberofrate