专业英语八级(阅读)模拟试卷131(题后含答案及解析).pdf

专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷131(题后含答案及解析)

题型有：2.READINGCOMPREHENSION

PARTIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION

SECTIONAMULTIPLE-CHOICEQUESTIONSInthissectionthereareseveral
passagesfollowedbyfourteenmultiple-choicequestions.Foreachmultiple-choice
question,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosethe
onethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.

Inlastweek’sTribune,therewasaninterestingletterfromMr.J.Stewart
Cook,inwhichhesuggestedthatthebestwayofavoidingthedangerofa“scientific
hierarchy”wouldbetoseetoitthateverymemberofthegeneralpublicwas,asfaras
possible,scientificallyeducated.Atthesametime,scientistsshouldbebroughtoutof
theirisolationandencouragedtotakeagreaterpartinpoliticsandadministration.
Asageneralstatement,Ithinkmostofuswouldagreewiththis,butInoticethat,as
usual,Mr.Cookdoesnotdefinescience,andmerelyimpliesinpassingthatitmeans
certainexactscienceswhoseexperimentscanbemadeunderlaboratoryconditions.
Thus,adulteducationtends“toneglectscientificstudiesinfavorofliterary,economic
andsocialsubjects”,economicsandsociologynotbeingregardedasbranchesof
science,apparently.Thispointisofgreatimportance.Forthewordscienceisat
presentusedinatleasttwomeanings,butthewholequestionofscientificeducationis
obscuredbythecurrenttendencytododgefromonemeaningtotheother.
Scienceisgenerallytakenasmeaningeither(a)theexactsciences,suchaschemistry,
physics,etc.,or(b)amethodofthoughtwhichobtainsverifiableresultsbyreasoning
logicallyfromobservedfact.Ifyouaskanyscientist,orindeedalmostany
educatedperson,“Whatisscience?”youarelikelytogetananswerapproximatingto
(b).Ineverydaylife,however,bothinspeakingandinwriting,whenpeoplesay
“science”theymean(a).Sciencemeanssomethingthathappensinalaboratory:
test-tubes,balances,Bunsenburners,microscopes.Abiologist,anastronomer,
perhapsapsychologistoramathematician,isdescribedasa“manofscience”:noone
wouldthinkofapplyingthistermtoastatesman,apoet,ajournalistorevena
philosopher.Andthosewhotellusthattheyoungmustbescientificallyeducated
mean,almostinvariably,thattheyshouldbetaughtmore