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P257
1.Donoghuev.Stevenson[1932]AC562
(HL),decidedin1932,thathadsimilarfactsonlyinvolvinggingerbeerinsteadoflemonade.Whensummingup,thejudgeconcludedthat:Youmusttakereasonablecaretoavoidactsoromissionswhichyoureasonablyforeseewouldbeelikelytoinjureyourneighbour...personswharesocloselyanddirectlyaffectedbymyactthatIoughtreasonablyhavetheminmycontemplationasbeingsoaffectedwhenIamdirectingmymindtotheactsoromissionswhicharecalledintoquestion.Thiscasecreated"theneighbourprinciple",whichwouldbefollowedifLindasuedthemanufacturer,asthefactsofhercaseareverysimilar.
2BourhillvYoung[1943]A.C.92
Held:
thatthedutyofthemotorcyclistonthepublicroadtootherpersonsusingitwastodrivewithsuchreasonablecareaswouldavoidtheriskofinjury(includinginjurybyshockalthoughnodirectimpactoccurred)tosuchpersonsashecouldreasonablyforeseemightbeinjuredbyhisfailuretoexercisethatcare;
thattheappellantwasnotwithintheareaofpotentialdangerarisingastheresultofhisnegligence,and,accordingly,heowednodutytoherandwasnotguiltyofnegligenceinrelationtoher.

P258
3HaleyvLondonElectricityBoard[1964]2Q.B.121
HeldbytheAppellateCourt:HisactionclaimingfornegligencewasdismissedbyMarshallJ.,whoheldthatthedefendantshadnotbeenguiltyofnegligenceasfollow.
Thequestionhereiswhethertheseworksconstitutedadangertopedestriansonthehighway.Thequestioniswhetheritwasadangertothepublicatlargejudgedbythestandardsofthenormalman.Thedefendantsowednospecialdutytoablindman.Aclothes-horsetypeofguardgiveswarningtoasightedpersonandisallthatisrequired,althoughitwouldbenoprotectiontoablindperson.Thequestionofcontributorynegligencewouldonlyariseiftherehadbeennegligence.Herethedefendantswerenotnegligence.HeldbytheHouseofLord:Thepossibilityofablindpersonwalkingthroughthatpathwasverylikely,sothedefendantshouldhaveforeseeit.Thepreventionoftheinjurywouldhavebeencheaperthantheinjury.LordReidofHouseofLordssaid:“Oneisentitledtoexpectofablindpersonahighdegreeofskillandcarebecausenonebutthemostfoolhardywouldventureoutalonewithouthavingthatskillandexercisingthat