第四讲TOEFL-WRITING!!.ppt

第四讲
句子（二）：修辞句型一、强调句:
1、强调句型的结构：

2、按要求将下列句子改成强调句：
Carsandfactoriesreleaseagreatdealofgases,pollutingtheenvironment.（强调主语）
Itiscarsandfactoriesthatreleaseagreatdealofgases,pollutingtheenvironment.
Teachersshouldnotbepaidaccordingtohowmuchtheirstudentslearnbecausesomeofwhatastudentlearnscannotbemeasuredbyatest.（强调原因状语从句）
Itisbecausesomeofwhatastudentlearnscannotbemeasuredbyatestthatteachersshouldnotbepaidaccordingtohowmuchtheirstudentslearn.Humanbeingsoughttoprotecttheendangeredanimalspeciesforthebenefitofmaintainingtheecologicalbalance.（强调目的状语）
Itisforthebenefitofmaintainingtheecologicalbalancethathumanbeingsoughttoprotecttheendangeredanimalspecies.
PeoplearenotbecomingawareofhowsignificantitisforthegovernmenttoinvestmoremoneyinmedicalcareuntiltheyhavesufferedfromsomefataldiseasessuchasSARSandAIDS.（强调时间状语从句）
ItisnotuntilpeoplehavesufferedfromsomefataldiseasessuchasSARSandAIDSthattheyarebecomingawareofhowsignificantitisforthegovernmenttoinvestmoremoneyinmedicalcare.3、谓语动词的强调：
以上结构可以强调除了谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。而谓语动词的强调要借助助动词“do”的一定形式，或借助名词性从句做主语的方式强调谓语。如：
Althoughbuildingafactorynearthecommunityhasmanydisadvantages,thebenefitsoutweightherisks.
Althoughbuildingafactorydoeshavemanydisadvantages,thebenefitsoutweightherisks.
Internationaltourismpromotesmutualunderstandingbetweenpeoplefromdifferentcountries.
Internationaltourismdoespromotemutualunderstandingbetweenpeoplefromdifferentcountries.Peoplefailtotakeintoaccountthefactthatphysicalexercisecontributesdirectlytoaperson’sphysicalfitness.
Whatpeoplefailtotakeintoaccountis(thefact)thatphysicalexercisecontributesdirectlytoaperson’sphysicalfitness.
Itishardtoimagineastudentfocusingtheirattentiononhistextbookwhileotherchildrenareplaying.
Whatishardtoimagineisthatastudentcanfocushisattentiononhistextbookwhileotherchildrenareplaying.将句子补充完整，并分析句子类型：

1、Applicantswithcomputerasciencedegreecan____bequalifiedforjobsinhigh-techcompanies,____theywouldbewellpreparedforanyotherjobswithcomputerskillasaprerequisite.

2、大多数影响大自然的问题，诸如臭氧层的损耗、森林砍伐、