专业英语-物理化学.doc

物化词汇部分：
Chemicalthermodynamics化学热力学
Chemicalkinetics化学动力学
物理化学的分支：quantumchemistry量子化学；structurechemistry结构化学；catalysis催化；electrochemistry电化学；colloidchemistry胶体化学。

热力学体系：
closedsystem封闭体系：asystemthatdoesnotallowtransferofsubstancebutenergy
isolatedsystem孤立体系：asystemthatdoesnotallowtransferofsubstanceandenergy
opensystem开放体系：asystemthatallowtransferofsubstanceandenergy

Internalenergy内能：
motions分子运动；interaction相互作用；bondingofitsconstituentmolecules分子成键（ionicbond离子键,covalentbond共价键,coordinationbond配位键,hydrogenbond氢键,metallicbond.金属键）

externalenergy外能：
（velocity速度；locationofitscenterofmass位置）=kinetic动力+potentialenergy势能
Thermalenergy(internalenergy+heat)
Mechanicalenergy(externalenergy+mechanical/electricalwork)

Heat:energytransferasaresultsofonlytemperaturedifference
Work:energytransferbyanymechanismthatinvolvesmechanicalmotionacrossthesystemboundaries.

Microscopicproperties:
moleculekineticenergy分子动能
(translationalenergy跃迁能,rotationalenergy转动能,vibrationalenergy振动能)
Intermolecularforces分子间力
(electrostaticforces静电力,inductionforces感应能,forcesofattraction(ordispersionforces)分散能andrepulsion排斥能,specific(chemical)forceslikehydrogenbonds)
Intermolecularpotentials分子势(Lennard-Jonespotential)

Macroscopicproperties:
pressure,volume,temperature
extensivevariables广度性质(volume,mass)
intensivevariables强度性质(T,P,molarvolume,molarmass)

ThermodynamicEquilibriums热力学平衡:
thermalequilibrium,热平衡
forceequilibrium,力平衡
phaseequilibrium,相平衡
chemicalequilibrium化学平衡
PVTrelations
compressibilityfactor压缩因子
expansioncoefficient体积膨胀系数
compressibilitycoefficient等温压缩系数

热力学定律
Thefirstlawofthermodynamics
*Energyisneithercreatednordestroyed,butmaychangeinforms
enthalpy焓heatcapacity热容
isochoric等容isobaric等压
reversible可逆,irreversible不可逆
isothermal等温,adiabatic绝热(diabatic),
cyclic循环,freeexpansion自由膨胀
throttling节流(isenthalpy等焓,Joule-Thomsoncoefficient)
Thesecondlawofthermodynamics
Clausiusstatement:Itisnotpossibletoconstructadevicethatoperatesinacycleandwhosesoleeffectistotransferheatfromacolderbodytoahotter