托福写作讲义.doc

（一）综合写作
Allthemore尤其
Atbest充其量姑且
Holdwater（理论、计划等）证明正确合理，说得通，（容器）不漏水;言之有理
综合写作（1+3）
综合写作流
Direction(1min)
Reading(3min)——230-300wordsacademicarticles
Listening(2min)——thetopicissameasreading
Writing(20min)——200-220wordsbest
综合写作要求：
topic:academic
不能写自己的观点
写阅读和听力之间的联系（OPPOSE三驳三）
驳斥的种类：
优点被驳斥
缺点被驳斥
证据被驳斥

应试攻略：
找例子：typically,suppose,forexample,take..example,especially,actually,infact
找原因：since,because,thereasonwhy,dueto,thankto,owingto
找结构性连词：
“结果”:so,therefore,hence,thus,accordingly,consequently,asaresult
“让步”和”转折”：incontrast,onthecontrast,nevertheless,still,yet

阅读要义
读完一句，用简洁中英文或符号记下大意
重点关注两类词：
（1）文中反复出现的词
（2）实义动词

听力要义
阅读中出现过的词
听具有知己意义的词（实义动词、形容词）

写作要义（1+3）
开头段：写一段
表明Reading和Lecture的联系
综合写作话题
阅读中心论点
听力中心论点
主体部分：写三段
每段一对一的阐述
每段结构：
过渡性连词（首先，其次，再次）
句群1：阅读的分论点+阅读的细节
句群2：听力的分论点+听力的细节

开头段框架:
Thereadingandlisteningmaterialshaveaconflictofopinionsabout……
Thewritersbelievethat………...whichiscontradictedbythefollowinglecture.
Conflict——>debate/argument/discussion/dispute/controversy
About——>concerning/regarding/asto/withregardsto/pertainingto
Believe——>consider/deem/advocate/insist
Contradicted——>disagree/oppose/refute/retort

每段框架表达句
Thereadingstatesthat…….Onthecontrary,thelecturepointsoutthat….
Althoughitissaidinthepassagethat…..Thelectureholdstheviewpointthat…..
Thepassagemaintainsthat…..However,professoroffersadifferentideaabout….
Thewritercontendsthat……..whilethespeakerviewsthisissuefromanoppositeangle.Accordingtoher/him…..
Theauthorassertsthat….Nevertheless,thespeakeropposethisclaimbysayingthat……
Thepassagearguesthat…..Bycontrast,inaccordancewiththespeaker,thewriter’sviewdoesnotholdwater.

综合写作框架：
Thereadingandlisteningmaterialshaveadebateofopinionsconcerningthat……
Thewriterssupportthat………...whichisopposedbythefollowinglecture.
Firstofall,thereadingmaintainsthat………However,thelecturepointsoutthat……
Secondly,althoughitissaidinthepassagethat……….,thespeakerholdstheviewthat…….
Finally,theauthorassertsthat………..Bycontrast,inaccordancewiththespeaker,thewriter’sviewdoesnotholdw