2021考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案工学类(37套).docx

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2021考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案工学类(37套)
查看汇总：2021考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案汇总MasstransportationrevisedthesocialandeconomicfabricoftheAmericancityinthreefundamentalways.Itcatalyzedphysicalexpansion，itsortedoutpeopleandlanduses，anditacceleratedtheinherentinstabilityofurbanlife.Byopeningvastareasofunoccupiedlandforresidentialexpansion，theomnibuses，horserailways，commutertrains，andelectrictrolleyspulledsettledregionsoutwardtwotofourtimesmoredistantformcitycentersthantheywereinthepremodernera.In1850，forexample，thebordersofBostonlayscarcelytwomilesfromtheoldbusinessdistrict;bytheturnofthecenturytheradiusextendedtenmiles.Nowthosewhocouldafforditcouldlivefarremovedfromtheoldcitycenterandstillcommutethereforwork，shopping，andentertainment.Thenewaccessibilityoflandaroundtheperipheryofalmosteverymajorcitysparkedanexplosionofrealestatedevelopmentandfueledwhatwenowknowasurbansprawl.Between1890and1920，forexample，some250，000newresidentiallotswererecordedwithinthebordersofChicago，mostofthemlocatedinoutlyingareas.Overthesameperiod，another550，000wereplottedoutsidethecitylimitsbutwithinthemetropolitanarea.Anxioustotakeadvantageofthepossibilitiesofcommuting，realestatedevelopersadded800，000potentialbuildingsitestotheChicagoregioninjustthirtyyears–lotsthatcouldhavehousedfivetosixmillionpeople.Ofcourse，manywereneveroccupied;therewasalwaysahugesurplusofsubdivided，butvacant，landaroundChicagoandothercities.Theseexcessesunderscoreafeatureofresidentialexpansionrelatedtothegrowthofmasstransportation：urbansprawlwasessentiallyunplanned.Itwascarriedoutbythousandsofsmallinvestorswhopaidlittleheedtocoordinatedlanduseortofuturelandusers.Thosewhopurchasedandpreparedlandforresidentialpurposes，particularlylandnearoroutsidecityborderswheretransitlinesandmiddle-classinhabitantswereanticipated，didsotocreatedemandasmuchastorespondtoit.Chicagoisaprimeexampleofthisprocess.Realestatesubdivisionthereproceededmuchfasterthanpopulationgrowth.1.Withwhichofthefollowingsubjectsisthepassag