2021考研《英语》语法精要：副词性(状语)从句.docx

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2021考研《英语》语法精要：副词性(状语)从句
2021年考研于2021年1月7日至8日举行，考研频道整理“2021年考研英语语法精要”供广大考生备考使用。祝大家复习顺利！十五、复合句——副词性(状语)从句副词在句中起状语作用，故如果起状语作用的部分为一个句子，那么该句便是副词性从句，也称状语从句。状语从句可细分为：时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、比较、方式等。状语从句的测试重点为：考查考生对主从句之间逻辑意义关系的把握，看其是否能选择正确的从属连词。对于常见的状语从句和从属连词的常规用法，本书不想赘述，只谈谈常见从属连词的特殊用法并提醒考生应注意的地方。1.条件状语从句的常考知识点(1)if与unless的用法。if和unless都是引导条件状语从句的连词，考生应尤其注意unless的用法，因为它表示反面条件，相当于ifnot“如果不”、“除非”。如：Evenifautomakersmodifycommerciallyproducedcarstorunonalternativefuels,thecarswon’tcatchoninabigwayunlessdriverscanfillthemupatthegasstation.Indebating,onemustcorrecttheopponent’sfacts,denytherelevanceofhisproof,ordenythatwhathepresentsasproof,ifrelevant,issufficient.(2)复合连词aslongas，solongas，asfaras，onconditionthat，intheeventthat;动词及分词provided(that)，providing(that)，giventhat,suppose/supposing(that)，assuming，say等引导条件状语从句。如：Ifleftalonebyhumans,they(theforests)canregenerate,aslongasthereareseedtreesintheneighborhoodandthesoilhasnotlostallitsnutrients.YoucanarriveinBeijingearlierforthemeetingprovidedyoudon’tmindtakingthenighttrain.Assumingheisdiligentinhisstudiesatordinarytimes,heissuretopassthetest.Intheeventthatshehasnotbeeninformed,Iwilltellher.(如果……)Youcangoswimmingonconditionthatyoudon’tgotoofarfromtheriverbank.(如果……)Supposeitrained,wewouldstillgo.(假如……)Sayitweretrue,whatwouldyoudoaboutit?(假如……)(3)祈使句表示条件。如：Talktoanyoneinthedrugindustry,andyou’llsoondiscoverthatthescienceofgeneticsisthebiggestthingtohitdrugresearchsincepenicillinwasdiscovered.Dresswarmly,orelseyou’llcatchcold.Hurryup,ortheticketswillhavebeensoldoutbythetimewegetthere.2.让步状语从句的常考知识点(1)as引导让步从句，要求用倒装结构，把强调的部分置于句首。如：Muchashelikesher,hedoesgetirritatedwithhersometimes.Tiredashewas,wedecidedtodisturbhim.Humbleasitmaybe,thereisnoplacelikehome.(2)while引导让步从句。如:Everybodycheatsalittle,somepsychologistssay,whileothersinsistthatmostpeoplearebasicallyhonestandsomewouldn’tcheatunderanycircumstances.Whileit’struethatweallneedacareer,preferablyaprofitableone,itisequallytruethatour