研发费用资本化和盈余管理 英文.docx

研发费用资本化和盈余管理英文

第一篇：研发费用资本化和盈余管理英文GarenMarkarian,LorenzoPozza,AnnalisaPrencipe,InternationalJournalofAccounting2008-3爱思唯尔期刊CapitalizationofR&DCostsandEarningsManagement：EvidencefromItalianListedCompaniesABSTRACT:Thecapitalizationofresearchanddevelopment(R&D)costsisacontroversialaccountingissuebecauseofthecontentionthatsuchcapitalizationismotivatedbyincentivestomanipulateearnings.BasedonasampleofItalianlistedcompanies,thisstudyexamineswhethercompanies'decisionstocapitalizeR&Dcostsareaffectedbyearnings-managementmotivations.ItalyprovidesanaturalcontextfortestingourhypothesizedrelationshipsbecauseItalianGAAPallowsforthecapitalizationofR&Dcosts.UsingaTobitregressionmodeltotestourhypotheses,weshowthatcompaniestendtousecostcapitalizationforearnings-smoothingpurposes.ThehypothesisthatfirmscapitalizeR&Dcoststoreducetheriskofviolatingdebtcovenantsisnotsupported.KEYWORDS:Earningsmanagement,Costcapitalization,R&Daccounting,Earningssmoothing,Debtcovenants,Italiancompanies1IntroductionInthecurrenteraofglobalization,ahighlyrelevantissuefacingregulators,academics,andpractitionersisthedeterminationofanappropriateaccountingtreatmentforresearchanddevelopment(R&D)costs.InternationalAccountingStandardsdiscussaccountingforR&DcostsinIASNo.38“IntangibleAssets”(IASB,2004;IASB,2004).Paragraph54ofthisstandardstatesthatnointangibleassetarisingfromresearch(orfromtheresearchphaseofaninternalproject)shallberecognizedasanasset;andthatresearchexpensesshallbeexpensedintheincomestatementwhentheyareincurred.Concerningdevelopmentcosts,paragraph57statesthatanintangibleassetarisingfromdevelopment(orfromthedevelopmentphaseofaninternalproject)shallberecognizedif,andonlyif,anentitycandemonstrateallofthefollowing:(a)thetechnicalfeasibilityofcompletingtheintangibleassetsothatitwillbeavailableforuseorsale;(b)itsintentiontocompletetheintangibleassetanduseorsellit;(c)itsabilitytouseorselltheintangibleasset;(d)howtheintangibleassetwillgenerateprobablefutureeconomicbenefits;(e)theavailabilityofadequatetechnical,f