袁世凯的美国宪法顾问.docx

袁世凯的美国宪法顾问

第一篇：袁世凯的美国宪法顾问GoodnowAfterYuanShikaibecamethefirstPresidentoftheRepublicofChinaonOctober10,1913,therewasamajorquarrelbetweenhimandtheParliamentonissuewhetherParliamentorthepresidencyshouldbethemainseatofthepower.InNovemberhedeclaredthemajoritypartyKuomingdangillegalandoustedtheparty’srepresentativesfromtheParliament,andonJanuary10,1914hedissolvedParliamentitself.Thenthewaywasclearforhimtosettletheissueinhisownfavor.His“constitutionaladvisor,”ProfessorFrankJ.GoodnowofColumbiaUniversity,provedahandyifunwittinginstrumenttothatend.TheRevisedProvisionalConstitutionpromulgatedMay1,1914,whichhadbeendraftedingoodpartbyGoodnowandaJapanesescholar,Dr.N.Ariga,reframedthegovernmentandsubstantiallystrengthenedthepowersofthepresident.PresidentYuanwonthefirstroundagainstrepublicanism.InJuly1915GoodnowwasaskedbyPresidentYuantoprepareamemorandumontherespectivemeritsoftherepublicandmonarchyformsofgovernment,withparticularreferencetoexistingconditionsinChina.Inthememorandumhedrewup,hewrote:“ItisofcoursenotsusceptibleofdoubtthatamonarchyisbettersuitedthanarepublictoChina.”Goodnowqualifiedhisstatementbylayingdownthefollowingprerequisitesforrestorationofamonarchy:themoveshouldbeclearprovisionmadeforthedevelopmentofconstitutionalruleinsuchanimperialChina.Healsoendeavoredtopesthimselfofanypersonalresponsibilityfortheultimatedecision:“Whethertheconditionswhichhavebeensetforthasnecessaryforsuchachangefromrepublictomonarchyashasbeensuggestedarepresent,mustofcoursebedeterminedbythosewhobothknowthatcountryandareresponsibleforitsfuturedevelopment.”(ForeignRelations,1915,p.58)ThememorandumwassoonpublishedinChina.Yuan’sagentsstrovetogiveasemblanceofrealitytotheclaimthattherewasagroundswellofpopularopinioninfavorofthePresident’sascendingtheDragonThroneandChina’srestorationofthemonarchicalsystem.(TwentyCenturyChina,O.EdmundClubb,ColumbiaUniversityPress,1964,P50,53,53)第二篇：美国1787年宪法《美国1787年宪法》（教学设计）【教学目标】知识与能力：（1）知道1787年宪法的内容、特点及作用。（2）理解美国的民主共和制过程与方法：（1）通过设置1787年制宪会议的情境，使学生对当时制宪过程中的争议和讨论有所了