过程装备与控制工程专业英语翻译15[精选多篇]-豆柴文库

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过程装备与控制工程专业英语翻译15[精选多篇]

第一篇：过程装备与控制工程专业英语翻译15Readingmaterial15ChemicalIndustryandEnvironmentalProtectionHowcanwereducetheamountofwastethatisproduced?Andhowweclosetheloopbyredirectingspentmaterialsandproductsintoprogramsofrecycling?Allofthesequestions1.LifeCycleAnalysisEverystageofaproduct’slifecyclehasanenvironmentalimpact,startingextractionofrawmaterials,continuingthroughprocessing,manufacturing,andtransportation,andconcludingwithconsumptionanddisposalorrecovery.Technologyandchemicalsciencearechallengedateverystage.Redesigningproductsandprocessestominimizeenvironmentalimpactrequiresanewphilosophyofproductionandadifferentlevelofunderstandingofchemicaltransformations.Environmentfriendlyproductsrequirenovelmaterialsthatarereusable,recyclable,orbiodegradable;propertiesofthematerialsaredeterminedbythechemicalcompositionandstructure.Tominimizewasteandpollutingby-products,newkindsofchemicalprocessschemeswillhavetobedeveloped.Improvedchemicalseparationtechniquesareneededtoenhanceefficiencyandremoveresidualpollutants,whichinturnwillrequirenewchemicaltreatmentmethodsinordertorenderthemharmless.Pollutantssuchasradioactiveelementsandtoxicheavymetalsthatcannotbereadilyconvertedintoharmlessmaterialswillneedtobeimmobilizedininertmaterialssothatcanbesafelystored.Finally,theleftoverpollutionofanearlier,lessenvironmentallyawareerademandsimprovedchemicalandbiologicalremediationtechniques.mustbeansweredthroughcarefulresearchinthecomingyearsaswestrivetokeepcivilizationinbalancewithnature.2.ManufacturingwithMinimalEnvironmentalImpactDischargeofwastechemicalstotheair,water,orgroundnotonlyhasadirectenvironmentalimpact,butalsoconstitutesapotentialwasteresources.Earlyeffortstolessentheenvironmentalimpactofchemicalprocessestendedtoontheremovalofharmfulmaterialsfromaplant’swastestreambeforeitwasdischargedintotheenvironment.Butthisapproachaddressesonlyhalfoftheproblem;foranidealchemicalprocess,noharmfulby-productswouldbeformedinthefirstplace.Anydischargeswouldbeatleastascleanastheairandwatert