高级口译和专八阅读以及文化常识必读.docx

高级口译和专八阅读以及文化常识必读

第一篇：高级口译和专八阅读以及文化常识必读高级口译和专八阅读以及文化常识必读。想过专八的同学和想过高口的同学，本文当成扫盲课，每周温习一遍。坚持3个月，成人文专家。1、TwomajorelementsinEuropeanculture:theGreco-Roman/Judeo-Christian2、Democracymeans:“exerciseofpowerbythewholepeople”,butby“thewholepeople”,theGreeksmeantonlytheadultmalecitizens,andcitizenshipwasasetofrightswhichamaninheritedfromhisfather,women,children,foreignersandslaveswereexcluded,theyhavenorights.3、Homerepics:theIliad/theOdysseyth4、Dramadevelopedinthe5centuryB.CTragedian悲剧作家Aeschylus希腊的悲剧诗人埃斯库罗斯—Prometheus普罗米修斯bound/Persians/Agamemnon阿伽门农,特洛伊战争中希腊军队的统帅Sophocles—Oedipus[希神]俄狄浦斯theking/Electra/Antigone[希神]安提歌尼(底比斯王俄狄普斯之女,因违抗禁令而自杀身亡)Euripides欧里庇得斯(希腊的悲剧诗人)—Andromache/Medea美狄亚(希腊神话中科尔喀斯国王之女,以巫术著称,曾帮助过伊阿宋取得金羊毛)/Trojan特洛伊womenComedist喜剧作家Aristophanes—Frogs/clouds/Birdswasps5、PhilosophySocrates苏格拉底:Dialogues他坚持的观点是人类的美德是一种知识，因此一切恶行都是无知的结果。Plato柏拉图:Dialogues对话录/theApology/Symposium(dealingwithbeautyandlove)/theRepublicPlato’sphilosophyiscalledidealism理想主义,唯心论.Aristotle亚里斯多德:Ethics伦理学/Politics/Poetics诗论/Rhetoric修辞学重点Whatshouldbeman’saiminlife?Aristotle’sanswerwashappiness,butnothappinessinthevulgarsense,butsomethingthatcouldonlybeachievedbyleadingalifeofreason,goodnessandcontemplation沉思.6、Cynics犬儒主义P29Diogenes第欧根尼：希腊哲学家，哲学犬儒学派奠基人，强调自我控制和推崇善行。说他曾提着灯在雅典大街漫步寻找诚实的人,decidedtolivelikeadogandtheword“cynic”means“dog”inGreek,herejectedallconventions–whetherofreligion,ofmanners,dress,housing,food,orofdecency.7、RomanhistoryP38Theyear27B.CpidedthehistoryofRomeintotwoperiods:beforethen,Romehadbeenarepublic,inthatyear,OctaviustooksupremepowerasemperorwiththetitleofAugustus.Twocenturieslater,theRomanempirereacheditsgreatestextend,encirclingtheMediterranean地中海,reachingScotlandinthenorthandspreadingintoArmeniaandMesopotamiaintheeast.Theemperorsreliedonastrongarmy—thefamousRomanLegions古罗马军团(约有3000至6000步兵,辅以数百名骑兵)andanefficientbureaucracy官僚机构toexerttheirrule,whichwasfacilitatedbyawelldevelopedsystemofroads.ThustheRomanenjoyedalongperiodofpeacelastingtwohundredyears,aremarkablephenomenoninh