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WarmingupAristotlevs.Galileo’sWhatarethewordsusedbytheauthorinreferringtogroundless“beliefs”?---propositions,assumptions,dogma,opinionAccordingtotheauthorwheredothesebeliefscomefrom?---fromotherpeople:family,friends,media,tradition,interestgroups,etc.Whydowetendtoacceptthesebeliefs?---“suggestion”,self-interest,sentimentalassociations,FashionWhydowehavetobeonguardagainstthem?---mostofthemareirrational;theyare_________ratherthanthought.---oncetheybecomesos________intheypreventusfromacceptingnewideas.ObjectivesA.E.Mander(1894–1985)Awell-publishedAustralianscholar.QuotationsfromMander’sbookTextAnalysisTheIntroduction(para.1):PrevalenceofgroundlessbeliefsII.Thebody(paras.2–24):Types/CausesofgroundlessbeliefsResultofenvironmentinearlylife.(paras.2–3)Parroting.(paras.4–13)Self-interest(paras.14–17)Sentimentalassociations(paras.18–19)Fashion(paras.20–24)III.Theconclusion(para.25):Thewriter’spraiseofrationalthinkersTextAnalysisTextAnalysisTextAnalysisTextAnalysisTextAnalysisTextAnalysisTextAnalysisTextAnalysisTextAnalysisTextAnalysisWhat’stheauthoropinionofnewspapersandadvertisements?Whydowetendtoacceptonlysuchnewideasasfitinwiththeideaswealreadyhold;andallconflictingideasseemtous“obviously”absurd?Whatpropositionsshouldwetreatwithcaution?OldpropositionsObvioustruthsTextAnalysisTextAnalysisTextAnalysisTextAnalysisHowissomeone’ssocialpositiondefined?PopularityRespectandgoodwillPrestigeTextAnalysisTextAnalysisTextAnalysisDoyouagreewiththeauthor’sargumentsabout“sentimentalassociations”?Howshallweavertsuchatendency?TextAnalysisTextAnalysisTextAnalysisWhatisthebio-psychologicalexplanationfor“brainpath”?Whyistherethe“brainpath”/thoughtpattern?Inintrospection,doyoufindanyparticular“brainpaths”inyourself?Whatarethey?TextAnalysisTextAnalysisTextAnalysisTextAnalysisTextAnalysisReinforcementReinforcement
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