必修五英语语法.docx

必修五英语语法一、过去分词(用法：表被动，已经完成)1.作定语(前置定语和后置定语)Don’tswiminthepollutedriver.(“受/被污染的河流“,polluted作前置定语)TheboypunishedbythemathsteacherisPeter.(“被数学老师处罚的”，过去分词短语作定语时，要放在被修饰的名词后面，所以punishedbythemathsteacher作后置定语。)=Theboy(whowas)punishedbythemathsteacherisPeter.经常转为定语从句来理解比较现在分词(用法：表主动，正在进行)：Thesleepingboyisillashecaughtacold.(“正在睡觉的男孩”，sleeping作前置定语)。Thestudentstandingatthedoorismyfriend.(“正站在门口的那个学生”，现在分词短语作定语时，也一样要放在要放在被修饰的名词后面，所以standingatthedoor作后置定语。)=Thestudent(whois)standingatthedoorismyfriend.经常转为定语从句来理解比较不定式(用法：表主动，将要发生的动作)：Ihavealotofthingstodo.(“要做”，不定式短语作定语时，要放在被修饰的名词后面，所以todo作后置定语。)Ihaveameetingtoattend.(“要开“)2.表语(用法：过去分词放在连系动词后面)Iwasastonishedtolearnthathislonglostchildhadbeenfound.(astonished放在be后面,”吃惊的”)Whenweheardofthis,weweredeeplymoved.(moved放在be后面,中间可以用副词修饰，”深受感动的”)。Hegotworriedaboutlosingthemoney.(worried放在连系动词get的后面)Thepeopleseemedterriblyshockedaftertheearthquake.(shocked放在连系动词seemed后面)常见的系动词有：be(am,is,are/was,were);“似乎类”：seem,appear,look;“感觉类”：feel,sound,smell,taste;“变成类”：become,go,get,grow,fall,turn;“保持类”：remain,stay,keep。3.宾补(用法：过去分词放在宾语后面，说明或补充宾语的情况，“怎么样”)Ihave/get/leave/keepmyhaircutonceamonth.(每个月我让我的头发被剪/我让别人剪头发)Weshouldhave/get/leave/keepsuchanimportantthingfinishedearlier.(让….被完成)Hespokealoudsothathecouldmakehimselfheard.Heexplainedagainsothathecouldmakehimselfunderstood.Isaw/observed/noticed/watchedanoldmanknockeddownbyabike.Iheardthesongsungbymysister.Hefelthimselfcheatedbytheyoungman.IfoundthedoorlockedwhenIgottotheoffice.Withmyhomeworkfinished,IstoppedtohavearestasIwastired.总结：过去分词做宾补经常放在使役动词所带的宾语后面，它们是have/get/leave/keep/make“让、使”，还有放在感官动词所带的宾语后面，它们是see/observe/notice/watch/feel/find还有放在with的复合结构，即with所带的宾语后面。(表被动)4.状语(用法：过去分词短语作状语，经常可以转化为一个状语从句来理解(1)(Whenitis)SeenfromthehillGaozhoucitylooksverybeautiful.(时间状语)(2)(Ifweare)Comparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo.(条件状语)(3)(Becausehewas)Greatlytouchedbyhisteacher’swords,theboyworkedharderthanbefore.(原因状语)(4)(Thoughshewas)Laughedatbytheotherstudents,shestilltriedtoanswerthequestion(让步状语)(5)