名词性从句与定语从句的区别.doc

关键的一点：名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，这些从句分别在整个句子中作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。而定语从句在整个句子中作定语，起修饰作用。具体用法如下：名词从句名词从句有四类：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。例如：宾语从句：Idon’tknowwherehewillgo.主语从句：Wherehewillgoisunknown.表语从句：Theproblemishowwecangetsomuchmoney.同位语从句：Weallfeelsorryaboutthenewsthathefailedinthegame.下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的：1．whether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意，（即引导宾语从句时if和whether可以互换）但以下几种名词从句要用whether（不用if）引导：（1）引导主语从句，且在句首时。例：Whetherhehaswonthetennisisnotknown.(但Itisnotknownwhether/ifhehaswonthetennis).（2）引导表语从句时。例Theproblemiswhetherhecangetajob.（3）引导同位语从句时。例：Ihavenoideawhetherhewillcome.（4）介词后的whether从句。例：IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.2．位于句首引导主语从句的that不可忘。例如：Thathegotthefirstplaceinthecompetitionsurprisedallofus.3．在“Itissuggested/proposed/ordered/apity/nowonder/necessary/strange/…＋that从句”结构中，that从句谓语有时用（should）do这样的虚拟语气形式。例如：Itissuggestedthatwe(should)improvetherelationsbetweenus.Itisapitythatone(should)stayinoneplaceallone′slife.Itisstrangethatsheshouldhavefailedtoseeherownshortcomings（缺点）.4．在“Thereasonwhy…isthat…”句式中that不要误为because.例如：Thereasonwhyhedidn′tgotoschoolyesterdayisthathewasill.5．名词从句中that,what用法比较：引导名词从句的that是连词，在句中无成份，无意义，而what是连接代词，what＝thething(s)that.例如：Itwastoldinyesterday′snewspaperthatwhatthestudentshaddonewaspraisedbythefactory.Iknowthathewillstudy.Iknowwhathewillstudy.Thatheworkshardathislessonsisknowntousall.Whatheworkshardatisknowntousall.AllIaskisthatyoushouldtellthetruth./Heisnotwhat(＝thepersonthat)heusedtobe.他和以前大不相同了。6．where在名词从句中的使用特点：where在名词从句中有时可以变为“theplacewhere”,有时可以变为“介词＋theplacewhere”形式。例如：主从：Where(＝Theplacewhere)shehasgoneisstillunknown.宾从：Wouldyoupleasetellmewhere(＝theplacewhere)MrSmithlives?表从：Yourdictionaryremainswhere(＝in/attheplacewhere)youput.同位从：Haveyouanyideawhere(＝oftheplacewhere)sheisspendingherholidays?7．无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序。例如：Iknowwherehelives./Pleasetellmewhathernameis.当一个特殊疑问句本身就是陈述语序（即“主＋谓＋（宾）”或“主＋系＋表”结构），将其变为间接引语（即宾语从句）时，无需改变语序。例如：What′sthematterwithhim?Sheaskedmewhatwasthematterwithhim.Wholooksafteryourgrandfather?Heaskedmewholookedaftermygrandfathe