名词性从句和定语从句区分要点.doc

名词性从句和定语从句区分要点构成：1名词性从句：疑问连词+从句（疑问连词与从句构成完整的句子）2定语从句：先行词+关系词（关系代词或关系副词）+定语从句（关系词与从句构成完整的句子）二．定语从句注意事项：1关系词中不存在what.2that不可以引导非限制性定语从句。3指代整句话内容的句式：（1）It…that…(2)As…,从句（3）从句，which…4whose谁的5关系代词在限制性定语从句中做宾语时，关系代词可以省略。6这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：when=on(in,at,during…)+which;where=in(at,on…)+which;why=forwhich.7在正式文体中，以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常以inwhich或that引导，如：Thewayinwhichyouansweredthequestionswasadmirable.Theway(inwhich)hespoketouswassuspicious.Idon’tliketheway(that)youlaughather.8在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，关系词可用which或that，二者常可以互换；但在下列情况中，只能用that，不用which：(1)当先行词是all,alot,(a)little,few,much,none,anything,something,everything,nothing等词时。如：Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.InthisfactoryIsawlittle/muchthatwasdifferentfromours.(2)当先行词被all,anyno,much,little,few,every等限定词所修饰时。如：Weheardclearlyeverywordthathesaid.(3)当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。如：Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetthetickets.WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirstthatcomestomindistheWestLake.(4)当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰，以及先行词被序数词和形容词最高级同时修饰时，如：Isthatthebestthatyoucando?That’sthemostexpensivehotelthatwe’veeverstayedin.ThisnovelisthesecondbestonethatIhaveeverread.(5)当先行词被thevery,theonly,thenext,thelast等所修饰时。如：ThisistheverybookthatIwanttofind.(6)当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。如：TheguestsspokehighlyofthechildrenandtheirperformancesthattheysawattheChildren’sPalace.Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost.(7)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。如：Whichisthecarthatkilledtheboy?9在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指人时，在下列情况中，一般用关系词that:(1)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。如：Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?Whichofusthatknowsanythingdoesnotknowthis?(2)当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时。如：Heisthegreatestmanthathaseverlived.(3)当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast等词所修饰时。如：Sheistheonlypersonthatunderstandsme.10当先行词被thesame所修饰时，关系词既可以用as，也可以用that。在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用as，表示同一事物多用that。如：ThisisthesameinstrumentthatIusedyesterday.这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。ThisisthesameinstrumentasIusedyesterday.这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。在抽象概念上，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的，所以两个词可换用：Ihavethesameopinionas/thatyouhave.11当先行词前有such,so,as时，关系词应当