TPO5托福阅读真题原文及答案解析Part2.pdf

TPO5托福阅读真题原文及答案解析Part2

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整理了TPO5托福阅读真题原文及答案解析Part2来分享给大家，希
望对大家托福听力备考有帮助
托福TPO5阅读真题文本：Part2
TheOriginofthePacificIslandPeople
ThegreaterPacificregion,traditionallycalledOceania,
consistsofthreeculturalareas:Melanesia,Micronesia,and
Polynesia.Melanesia,inthesouthwestPacific,containsthelarge
islandsofNewGuinea,theSolomons,Vanuatu,andNew
Caledonia.Micronesia,theareanorthofMelanesia,consists
primarilyofsmallscatteredislands.PolynesiaisthecentralPacific
areainthegreattriangledefinedbyHawaii,EasterIsland,and
NewZealand.BeforethearrivalofEuropeans,theislandsinthe
twolargestculturalareas,PolynesiaandMicronesia,together
containedapopulationestimatedat700,000.
SpeculationontheoriginofthesePacificislandersbeganas
soonasoutsidersencounteredthem,intheabsenceofsolid
linguistic,archaeological,andbiologicaldata,manyfancifuland
mutuallyexclusivetheoriesweredevised.Pacificislandersare
variouslythoughttohavecomefromNorthAmerica,South
America,Egypt,Israel,andIndia,aswellasSoutheastAsia.Many
oldertheoriesimplicitlydeprecatedthenavigationalabilitiesand
overallculturalcreativityofthePacificislanders.Forexample,
BritishanthropologistsG.ElliotSmithandW.J.Perryassumed
thatonlyEgyptianswouldhavebeenskilledenoughtonavigate
andcolonizethePacific.TheyinferredthattheEgyptianseven
crossedthePacifictofoundthegreatcivilizationsoftheNew
World(NorthandSouthAmerica).In1947Norwegianadventurer
ThorHeyerdahldriftedonabalsa-lograftwestwardwiththe
windsandcurrentsacrossthePacificfromSouthAmericato
provehistheorythatPacificislanderswereNativeAmericans
(alsocalledAmericanIndians).LaterHeyerdahlsuggestedthat
thePacificwaspeopledbythreemigrations:byNativeAmericans
fromthePacificNorthwestofNorthAmericadriftingtoHawaii,
byPeruviansdriftingtoEasterIsland,andbyMelanesians.In
1969hecrossedtheAtlanticinanEgyptian-stylereedboatto
proveEgyptianinfluencesintheAmericas.Contrarytothese
theorists,theoverwhelmingevidenceofphysicalanthropology,
linguistics,andarcha