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1、1994年

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlined

segmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearly

onANSWERSHEET2.

Accordingtothenewschoolofscientists;technologyisan

overlookedforceinexpandingthehorizonsofscientificknowledge.

71Sciencemovesforward;theysay;notsomuchthroughtheinsights

ofgreatmenofgeniusasbecauseofmoreordinarythingslike

improvedtechniquesandtools.72


largelytheimprovementandinventionanduseofaseriesof

instrumentsthatexpandedthereachofscienceininnumerable


73Overtheyears;toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasource

offundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignoredbyhistorians

andphilosophersofscience.Themodernschoolthathailstechnology

alguesthatsuchmastersasGalileo;Newton;Maxwell;Einstein;and

inventorssuchasEdisonattachedgreatimportanceto;andderived

greatbenefitfrom;craftinformationandtechnologicaldevicesof

differentkindsthatwereusableinscientificexperiments.
Thecenterpieceoftheargumentofatechnology-yes;genius-no

advocatewasananalysisofGalileo'sroleatthestartofthe

scientificrevolution.Thewisdomofthedaywasderivedfrom

Ptolemy;anastronomerofthesecondcentury;whoseelaboratesystem

oftheskyputEarthatthecenterofallheavenlymotions.74

Galileo'sgreatestglorywasthatin1609hewasthefirstperson

toturnthenewlyinventedtelescopeontheheavenstoprovethat

theplanetsrevolvearoundthesunratherthanaroundtheEarth.

Buttherealheroofthestory;accordingtothenewschoolof

scientists;wasthelongevolutionintheimprovementofmachinery

formakingeyeglasses.

Federalpolicyisnecessarilyinvolvedinthetechnology

vs.geniusdispute.75WhethertheGovernmentshouldincreasethe

financingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyorviceversa

反之oftendependsontheissueofwhichisseenasthedriving

force.


精美译文

新学派的科学家认为;技术是扩大科学知识的范围中被忽视的力

量..71他们说;科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识;不如说源于

改进了的技术和工具等等更为普通的东西..72新学派的一位领袖人物坚
持说:“简言之;我们所称谓的科学革命;主要是指一系列器具的改进、发

明和使用;这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及..

73工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科

学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了..为技术而欢呼的现代学派争辩说;像伽

利略、牛顿、麦克斯威尔、爱因斯坦这样的科学大师和像