起形容词作用的分词.doc

起形容词作用的分词（形容词型分词）起形容词作用的分词（形容词型分词）a.分词作定语的用法1)总的特点分词可以作定语，修饰或是限制一个名词，可以放在它前面，也可以放在它后面。一般说来，简单分词可以放在名词前面，分词短语放在名词后面。a)放在名词前面的分词1/表示动作的分词：一个现在分词或过去分词放在名词前时，可以表示一时的动作，这时它的动词特点胜过形容词特点，相当于一个定语从句Doyouseetherisingsun(=sunwhichisrising)intheeast?Theytriedtosurroundtheretreatingtroops(=troopswhichwereretreating).Theroaringlionfrightenedalltheanimalsinthejungle.Theytriedtodeliverthebesiegedcity(=citywhichwasbeingbesieged).Theserepeatedefforts(=effortswhichwerebeingrepeated)werestillinadequate.Thoseoppressednations(=nationsthatarebeingoppressed)arerisingtoliberatethemselves.2/表示特点的分词：它也可以表示比较长久或永久性的特点。这时它的形容词特点胜过它的动词特点：Germsarelivingcreatures(=notinanimatethings,creaturesthatcanlive).Sheisacharminglady(attractivelady,ladywhocharmsothers)Theworkingclassesareusuallypoor.Thereweremanyflyingfish.Wewatchedthemovingpictures(=motionpictures)Usedcars(=oldcars,carswhichhavebeenused)arecheaperthannewones/Stolenlove(=Secretlove,lovewhichisstolen),thoughdangerous,tastesexceptionallysweet.Thisprintedmattermaybesentbymail.3/和用作形容词的动名词的差别：用在名词前的现在分词和用在名词前起形容词作用的动名词是有区别的，从意思上、重音上及是否加连字号，都有区别。下面各对句子中，第一句中带-ing词尾的动词为分词，第二句中带-ing词尾的动词为动名词：Boilingwater(=Waterthatisboiling)canproduceenormouspower.Waterbeginstoboilattheboiling-point(=pointatwhichliquidboils;而不是pointwhichboils).Heisawalkingdictionary(=dictionarythatcanwalk,learnedman).Hecamewithawalking-stick(=stickforwalking;非stickthatoswalking)Howcleverthatdancingbear(=bearthatisdancing)is!Heisadancing-master(=masterwhoteachesdancing).SomeonesaidmanyyearsagothatChinawasasleepinglion(=lionthatwassleeping).Heisinthesleeping-car(=carforsleeping,而不是carthatissleeping).Runningwateriscleanerthanstagnantwater.Itisarunning-trackforsportsmen.4/用作名词的情况和形容词一样，某些分词在加the时（后面不跟名词），可以代表一类人或一种抽象东西：Whicharemorenumerous,thedeadortheliving(=thelivingpeople)Somethingmustbedoneimmediatelywiththewoundedandthedying.Whatshouldwedowiththeoppressed,thedefeatedtheinsultedandtheinjured?Canwesayanythingabouttheunseen(=thethingunseen)andtheunknown(=thethingunknown)?