电解槽在能源系统中的集成-64页-豆柴文库

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INTEGRATIONOF
ELECTROLYSERSIN
THEENERGYSYSTEM


POSITIONPAPER
Integrationofelectrolysersintheenergysystem


Executivesummary


2
Hydrogenishighontheagendaintheefforttodecarbonizetheenergysystem.IntheEU
alone,thegoalistoproduce10Mtofrenewablehydrogenannuallyandimportanother
10Mt(EU,2023).Ifthe10Mtareproducedbasedonvariablerenewablepowergeneration,
itequatestomorethan100GWeofrequiredelectrolysercapacityintheEU.Globally,the
IEAforecaststhat700GWeofelectrolysercapacitywillberequiredin2030toreach
net-zeroemissionsin2050(IEA,2022).Theprojected20Mtofrenewablehydrogenforthe
EUaretargetedtoreplacefossil-fuel-basedhydrogeninexistingsectors;enablehydrogen
uptakeasanenergycarrierinindustrialandspaceheating;andenabletheuseofhydrogen
forenergystorageorasafuel,eitherdirectlyorthroughderivatives(ammonia,e-fuels).
Therequiredelectrolysercapacityofferspotentialforco-productionofheatandoxygen.
Productionof10Mtofhydrogenwillco-produceapproximately200TWhofwasteheat
and80Mtofoxygen.

Thispaperexplorestheopportunitiesandchallengesofcapacityishighlysensitivetothecostassumptions
integratingelectrolytichydrogenproductionintopowerassociatedwiththeelectrolyserplant.Ingeneral,BESSis
systemsincreasinglydominatedbyvariablerenewablemoreexpensivethanCHSSandstoringenergybeforethe
electricitygeneration;residentialandindustrialheatconversiontohydrogenrequiresmoremegawatthours
systems;andindustrialsystemsrequiringhydrogenandofstorageforthesamehydrogenoutput.However–and
possiblyoxygen.providedBESSrunsthroughsuffcientcyclesandthus
throughput–incorporatingBESSintothesystemenhances
Integrationwithindustrytheelectrolyser’sfullloadhours,allowingareductionin
Someindustrialsectorsrequireacontinuous,uninterruptedelectrolysercapacityandcost.
hydrogensupply.Creatingthisfromvariablerenewable
powerproduction(e.g.windandsolar)requiresstorageTheguaranteeofacontinuous,uninterruptedhydrogen
solutionssuchasabatteryenergystoragesystem(BESS)supplytoindustrycomesatacostpenalty.Themagnitude
and/orcompressedhydrogenstorage