专业英语INORGANICCHEMICALNOMENCLATURE公开课一等奖优质课大赛微课获奖课件-豆柴文库

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InorganicChemicalNomenclatureWordsandPhrases
无机化合物命名（InorganicChemicalNomenclature）
1、元素命名（元素周期表）(PeriodicalTable)
NamesandSymbolsforSomeChemicalElements
Nameofcompounds

Forthenamingofcompoundsofmetals(oxides,hydroxidesandsalts)inwhichthemetalmayexhibitmorethanoneoxidationstate:

TheoxidationstateofthemetalisshownbyaRomannumeralinpa’renthesesimmediatelyfollowingtheEnglishnameofthemetalwhichcorrespondstoitsoxidationnumber.e.g.FeBr2:iron(II)bromide;
Cr2(SO4)3:chromium(III)sulfate

假如不用罗马数字表明其价态，
也可用离子名称表示

e.g.FeCl2:
Ferrouschloride(iron(II)chloride)

FeCl3:
Ferricchloride(iron(III)chloride)•Nonumeralisusedifthemetalhasonlyonecommonoxidationnumber

e.g.NaCl:sodiumchloride;
Al(OH)3:aluminumhydroxide


Monovalent,divalent,trivalent,etc.
SomeCommonIons(Cation)1-	
Namingnonmetaloxides

UsingtheGreekprefixesforboththenumberofoxygenatomandthatoftheotherelementinthecompounds
Theprefixusedare:
mono-(mon-);(2)di-;(3)tri-;(4)tetra-;(5)penta-;(6)hexa-;(7)hepta;(8)octa-;(9)nona-;(10)deca-.

Generallytheletter“a”isomittedfromtheprefix(from‘tetra’on)whennaminganonmetaloxideandoften“mono-”isomittedfromthenamealtogether
Nameofsomenonmetaloxides

H3PO4:phosphoricacidPO4-:Phosphate
H3PO3:phosphorousacidPO33-:phosphite
H2SO4:sulfuricacid;SO42-:sulfate
H2SO3:sulfurousacidSO32-:sulfite
HClO4:perchloricacid;ClO4-:perchlorate
HClO3:chloricacidClO3-:chlorate
HClO2:chlorousacid;ClO2-:chlorite
HClO:hypochlorousacidClO-:hypochlorite
H2CO3:carbonicacid;CO32-:carbonate
HNO3:nitricacidNO3-:nitrate
HNO2:nitrousacid;NO2-:nitrite

H2S:hydrosulfuricacid(aqueoussolution)/
hydrogensulfide
HCN:hydrocyanicacid(aqueoussolution)/
hydrogencyanide
CN-:cyanide
HCl:hydrochloricacid(foraqueoussolution)/
hydrogenchloride

Namesareformedbyaddingtheword“hydrogen”,withnumericalprefixwhennecessary,todenotethereplaceablehydrogeninthesalt.Hydrogenshouldbefollowedwithoutspacebythenameoftheanion
Anion:阴离子；Cation:阳离子
e.g.
NaHCO3:sodiumhydrogencarbonate(sodiumbicarbonate);
LiH2PO4:lithiumdihydorgenphosphate;
Na2HPO4:Disod