【外语学习】第二语言习得概论-考研复习-豆柴文库

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★1.SLA(Secondlanguageacquisition)istheprocessbywhichalanguageotherthanthe

mothertongueislearntinanaturalsettingorinaclassroom.

★2.Acquisitionvs.Learning(Krashen1982)

AcquisitionLearning

implicit,subconscious
explicit,conscious

informalsituationsformalsituations

usesgrammatical'feel'usesgrammaticalrules

dependsonattitudedependsonaptitude

stableorderofacquisitionsimpletocomplexorderoflearning

Acquisitionreferstothelearningofalanguageunconsciouslyundernaturalsettingswhere

learnerspayattentiononlytothemeaningsorcontentsratherthanformsorgrammars.

Learningreferstothelearningofalanguageconsciouslyundereducationalsettingswhere

learnersmainlypayattentiontoformsorgrammars.


3.FactorsaffectingSLA

Socialfactors(externalfactors)

Learnerfactors(internalfactors)
Socialfactors(externalfactors)

Socialcontext

Languagepolicyandtheattitudeofthepublicsector;

Socialdemand

Withthetrendofglobalizationoftheworldeconomy,itiswidelyacceptedamongeducators

andnationalleadersthatproficiencyinanotherlanguageisanindispensablequalityofeducated

people
Learnerfactors(internalfactors)
Motivation，Age，Learningstrategy

4.Behavioristlearningtheory

Behavioristlearningtheoryisageneraltheoryoflearning.itappliestoallkindsoflearning,

notjustlanguagelearning).

Itviewslearningastheformationofhabits.Theassociationofaparticularresponsewitha

particularstimulusconstitutedahabit.Itisformedwhenaparticularstimulusbecameregularly

linkedwithaparticularresponse.

WhenappliedtoSLA,theprocessofsecondlanguageacquisitionisregardedasaprocessof

habitformation.

5.Thecausesoferrorsaccordingtobehaviorism

Differencesbetweenthefirstandsecondlanguagecreatelearningdifficultywhichresultsin

errors.

Behavioristlearningtheorypredictsthattransferwilltakeplacefromthefirsttothesecond

language.Transferwillbenegativewhenthereisproactiveinhibition.Inthiscaseerrorswill

result.

Errors,accordingtobehavioristtheory,weretheresultofnon-learning,ratherthanwrong

learning.

Themeansusedtopredictpotentialerrorsbybehavi