通信工程专业外文翻译--全球定位系统的介绍-GPS-豆柴文库

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译文题目：IntroductiontotheGlobalPositioningSystem
全球定位系统的介绍
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专业：通信工程
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IntroductiontotheGlobalPositioningSystem
---------From“CorvallisMicrotechnology,Inc.1996”
ChapterOne:WhatisGPS?

TheGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)isalocationsystembasedonaconstellationofabout24satellitesorbitingtheearthataltitudesofapproximately11,000miles.GPSwasdevelopedbytheUnitedStatesDepartmentofDefense(DOD),foritstremendousapplicationasamilitarylocatingutility.TheDOD'sinvestmentinGPSisimmense.Billionsandbillionsofdollarshavebeeninvestedincreatingthistechnologyformilitaryuses.However,overthepastseveralyears,GPShasproventobeausefultoolinnon-militarymappingapplicationsaswell.
GPSsatellitesareorbitedhighenoughtoavoidtheproblemsassociatedwithlandbasedsystems,yetcanprovideaccuratepositioning24hoursaday,anywhereintheworld.UncorrectedpositionsdeterminedfromGPSsatellitesignalsproduceaccuraciesintherangeof50to100meters.Whenusingatechniquecalleddifferentialcorrection,userscangetpositionsaccuratetowithin5metersorless.
Today,manyindustriesareleveragingofftheDOD'smassiveundertaking.AsGPSunitsarebecomingsmallerandlessexpensive,thereareanexpandingnumberofapplicationsforGPS.Intransportationapplications,GPSassistspilotsanddriversinpinpointingtheirlocationsandavoidingcollisions.FarmerscanuseGPStoguideequipmentandcontrolaccuratedistributionoffertilizersandotherchemicals.Also，GPSisusedforprovidingaccuratelocationsandasanavigationtoolforhikers,huntersandboaters.
ManywouldarguethatGPShasfounditsgreatestutilityinthefieldofGeographicInformationSystems(GIS).Withsomeconsiderationforerror,GPScanprovideanypointonearthwithauniqueaddress(itspreciselocation).AGISisbasicallyadescriptivedatabaseoftheearth(oraspecificpartoftheearth).GPStellsyouthatyouareatpointX,Y,ZwhileGIStellsyouthatX,Y,Zisanoaktree,oraspotinastreamwithapHlevelof5.4.GPStellsusthe"where".GIStellsusthe"what".GPS/GISisreshapingthewaywelocate,organize,analyzeandmapourresources.

ChapterTwo:Trilateration-HowGPSDete